Conditions for the validity of Salaah

Q: I happened to go to a musalla a few weeks ago. There is a courtyard separating the wudhu khana and the Salaah area. There was a lot of rain and it flooded the courtyard. People walked through to get onto the carpeted area. As I walked through, I had seen the droppings of fouls in the water which others also walked through onto the carpet. Others may have not seen it.

Is it necessary for me to inform the responsible people to have the carpet washed although they may have not seen it?

If yes, do the others need to repeat their salaats performed? If it is not necessary to inform them, what is the condition of my Salaah as I am aware of it?

Q: If sunrise starts at 6:26 am and I finished my Salatul Fajr at 6:26 am, do I need to offer qadha or not?

When does zawaal time end? 

Q: Is the salaah valid if a person makes the intention before salaah in non-arabic, and instead of using the word “Fajr”, he says “morning prayer” or instead of using the word “Maghrib”, he says “evening prayer”?

Q:

1. If one prayed salaah while wearing clothes with a human picture which one missed to see and saw only after looking at them carefully, would those salaahss be valid? Does one need to repeat those salaahs?

2. What about praying salaah in clothes which have clear human/animal pictures?

3. If one prays next to or in front or behind someone wearing such clothes or wearing a work ID with visible picture of the person (around 2 inches in lenth and 2 inches in width) would the salaah be valid due to being in close proximity of a picture?

Q: Will salah be valid if there's najasat less than the hollow of the palm on one's clothing?

Q: I am working on a ship for 6 months at a time. Sometimes we go from America to China and I cannot find the qibla. On sea, our normal application does not work properly so it is difficult to find the qibla. I am performing salaah without knowing qibla direction. Is it permissible?

Q: One day I forgot to offer zuhr salaah and remembered it only 20 min before Asar salaah. I performed the zuhr salaah. Will it be considered as qaza or is it done before Asar time?

Q: I set a musalla (prayer mat) on an impure ground. However the ground had no signs of impurity on it. If my feet get off the musalla (prayer mat) and touch the ground during salaah for just a short period of time, will my prayer be valid? No impurity came on my feet and the ground had no signs of impurity.

Q: Sometimes after getting my haidh, my underwear would become stained with blood and I would perform salaah in this manner. I also cannot recall how many salaah was performed like this. Please advise me what to do.

Q: A person has a urine problem, where if he goes to the toilet, for the next 30-45 minutes he cannot read salaah due to urine drops. If the time of salaah is about to end and the condition persists, does he have to make Wudu and perform salaah, or let the salaah become qadhaa and perform it after the time has expired. (The person is not a ma'zoor as the condition did not last for an entire salaah time)