Salaam & Greeting

Q: Is it allowed in Islam to say Assalaamu 'alaikum to any non Muslim?

Q: The Fuqaha have mentioned that at the time of tilawaat, azaan and eating, if salaam is made to a person then the salaam does not have to be returned. What is the hukam if a person returns the salaam at these times? Is there karaaha in a person doing so or will it be permissible to reply although the salaam does not have to be returned?

Q: What is the shari' ruling on replying to the salaam at the time of azaan, at the time of eating and when reading Quraan Shareef? 

Q: A known person to me sometimes greet me as Assamualekum without la in it, clearly. Sometimes I reply to him in forgetfulness Walekum assalam, instead of Walekum. Then I realize that, and don't know what to read as a counteract to that. Could you please tell me what to do at that times?

Q: Is it permissible for a Muslim to greet a non Muslim with the words na maste etc?

Q: Can one greet one's animals/pets in the Islamic greeting and also communicate the way he would with a muslim eg. Alhamdulillah, As salaam mu alykum etc.?

Q: Is it sunnah to make musafaha when greeting another person? Is musafaha with 1 hand or 2?

Q: My non-muslim friends say "Assalamalaikum wa...." sometimes, what should I say? They ask me why dont you say "Jai Shri Ram" as we say salaam?

Q:

1. Is it permissible to greet with words: good morning?

2. Is it permissible to greet with words Hello?

3. Is it permissible to greet with words sawubona or molo?

Q: I work with non-Muslims so the following situations arise:

1. How should I greet them because if I do not greet them then they feel offended?

2. When they say seasons greetings or compliments of the season at December time, how should I reply?