Pictures & Videos

The prohibition of picture-making applying to digital photography

Q: The following was asked to me: 

What is the ruling on digital photography? 

Is it Haram or Makrooh-e-Tahreemi amalan Haram? 

If it is Haram, then on what basis? 

From what I understand, a Haram ruling is given when the action is explicitly comes in Nas. However, a Makrooh-e-Tahreemi ruling is given when there is no explicit Nas. 

Digital photography does not come explicitly in the Nusoos, as the Nusoos are speaking about paintings, etc. or animated images on paper etc. 

I would like an informative answer, please, so I can silence the person who has asked this question. I do not know how to give a good answer in a way that completely dispels the other person's doubts. 

Also another question from my side: Is photography a Mukhtalaf fih Mas'alah or a Ijma' Mas'alah? If it the latter then who's Ijma'?

Making animate pictures using AI or other tools

Q: My question is regarding generative AI, and other tools that are used to edit photos, such as a recent trend I noticed where people take selfies, then cartoonify that picture, either through AI or other tools.. 

I understand there is a difference of opinion regarding photos captured by a camera, due to it not explicitly falling under the ruling of tasweer (according to those who allow it). Can the same be said for these generative tools or they fall clearly under the definition of tasweer. 

Covering the entire face of animate objects on groceries

Q: Regarding pictures of animate objects... 

1. After buying groceries etc. we normally scratch off the eyes, is that sufficient or do you have to scratch off the entire animate object (e.g. a picture of a person with their entire body, will it be sufficient to just cover the eyes or the face, or do you have to cover the entire body) and what is the ruling of it? 

2. As is common, normally everyone deals with cash (money which has animate picture on it) and has cash (money) by the house, what would be the best way possible to cover the cash, thereby allowing the angels to enter one's home? 

Drawing a stick figure with a face

Q: I drew two stick figures with dots for eyes, no nose and a circle for a mouth. I drew circles for hands and legs on the stick figure. I drew three lines for hair. It was drawn to represent my dad and as a funny thing. 

1. Is it permissible as it doesn't include any real features? 

2. Is it permissible to pray in such a room? 

3. Is the prayer still valid if I didn't know the ruling because I thought it is valid since it doesn't include any real features and only has geometrical shapes?