Conditions & Fundamentals of Hajj and Umrah

Q: I live in Oman and I am going for umrah. First I will go to Madinah then I will go to jeddah and last I will go to Makkah for umrah. So from where should I wear the ihram for umrah?

Q: If one performs tawaaf in the time of Fajr or after Asr, then when should one perform the two rakaats Waajibut Tawaaf? Is it permissible for one to perform the two rakaats Waajibut Tawaaf in the time of Fajr and after Asr?

Q: I intend going for umrah. Due to my leg problem, I need to wear a compression sock. The compression sock covers the entire leg. Is it permissible for me to use this sock while in ihraam? 

Q: Is it permissible for a healthy person to perform nafl tawaaf on the electric scooters or wheelchairs available in the Haram, even though he is healthy enough to perform the tawaaf while walking? 

Q: Is there any penalty for holding the ghilaaf of the Ka'bah during tawaaf of umrah, or tawaaf in general? Also given the fact that it is perfumed, is there any penalty that one must pay for after holding the ghilaaf, because its itr came onto the person. 

Q: Can the two rakaats after tawaaf be performed outside the Haram Shareef? 

Q: If one goes for umrah or hajj, and during the journey, his ihraam clothing becomes soiled, can he change into a clean ihraam, or is it necessary for him to continue using the same ihraam while merely washing the soiled area? 

Q: Can one perform tawaaf during sunrise, zawaal and sunset?

Q: Can women perform Maghrib Salaah followed by Esha Salaah individually in Muzdalifah? Also, can men do the same or is it compulsory to offer the two salaah in jamaat?

Q: My concern is as follows:

Alhamdullillah, Allah Ta'ala has granted me the opportunity on several occasions to perform Umrah, as well as the opportunity of Hajj. The problem is, I have a problem with my haidh. I have an issue with stained discharge. At the time when I performed Umrah and Hajj, I was unaware of the fact that the discharge was in fact haidh. Hence I performed ghusl early, and very likely spotted after. It is very rare that I do not spot. There is a very high possibility that when I performed my Umrah, and Hajj, I required ghusl. Hence I would have performed all fard, wajib and nafl tawaaf in a state of impurity. Are the Umrah, and Hajj valid? Is any damm required from my side?