Salaah

Q: I have prayed the Zuhr prayer today. But realised only after Esha prayer that my qiblah direction was incorrect. Do I repeat the salaah?

Q: If someone leaves out a sunnah of the salaah or commits a makrooh action in salaah, will it be necessary for him to repeat the salaah? What if the time for the salaah has already finished? 

Q: What is the shar'ee definition of a sahib-e-tarteeb?

Q: If a person prays a fardh or waajib  prayer sitting down, without a valid excuse, is his prayer considered invalid? I recently heard from a Mufti that the prayer itself would be valid, since he did not miss a fardh element of prayer by sitting down (and not standing). What is the position of the Hanafi madhab in this regard?

Q: What are the words for the iqamah? I have heard some people say that everything must be repeated twice and some say that most of the words are repeated once and only the ending is repeated twice.

Q: A person read in his Awwabeen Salaah a portion of his qiraat alound and a portion softly. Is his Salaah valid? If valid, is sajda-e-sahw waajib upon him?

Q: In maghrib I missed 2 rakaats and joined the 3rd rakat, how should I complete the two rakaats?

Q: Do we have to make Qadha of Sunnah also when we make Qadha of Fardh in each of the Salaah we have missed. What is the Shariah Ruling on this?

Q: I started praying Maghrib Fardh about 30-31 mins after Maghrib started (according to the calendar) and finished 41 mins or so after Maghrib started. I am not sure if I performed it on time as it was already dark outside. Do I make up the prayer or is it valid because my intention was to pray the fardh of maghrib? I also prayed 2 sunnah what about them?

Q: I would like to know if it is permissible to read Salaah with make-up on?