Salaah

Q: One has an atomic wrist-watch. That is a watch that runs exactly on the second with the atomic clock setting. If sunrise on the prayer calendar is at 7.00 and one finishes Fajr salaah at 6.59 and 58 seconds i.e. 2 seconds before 7.00 o'clock. Is the Fajr salaah valid? And what if it was finished 1 second before 7.00 o'clock?

Q: When does the time for zuhr end according to the Hanafi fiqh? Does it end when the Shaf'iee asr time starts or is it after?

Q: I have heard that it is sunnah to give the Adhan in a new born babies right ear. Is this correct or is this an innovation? Can you provide some hadiths to verify that this is correct?

Q: A person has excessive (many years) of Qadhaa Salaah. Due to weakness, would it be correct for a person to substitute the Sunnah Muakkadah
before/after each Salaah with Qadhaa Salaah? For example, at the time of Fajr, instead of performing two Rak'aats of Sunnah Muakkadah, a person makes intention and performs two Rak'aat of Fajr Qadhaa. Or at the time of Zuhr, instead of performing four Rak'aat of Sunnah Muakkadah, a person performs four Rak'aat of Zuhr Qadhaa. Would this be correct?

Q: What is the اصح (most correct) opinion regarding when to start takbeer-e-tahreema? 

1. After raising the hands
2. While raising the hands

Q: If a child born out of wedlock completes his hifz, is he allowed to be Imam?

Q:

1. Can I say Ameen feebly (not bil jahar) or is it compulsory as I live in a Hambli environment?
2. Is doing of rafa ul yadain compulsory? Can one leave it curtesy living in Hambli environment?

Q: If a person misses a wajib of salaah unintentionally or because they did not have knowledge of the particular action, must they read the salaah again? What if this salaah is Asr salaah, can they read it again in the asr time?

Q: I am situated an area where Hanafi madhhab is minority, and I regularly lead the salaah at the local Musallah. I am a Hanafi. Please can you clarify the following, as I don't want to create any confusion in the community:

1. Is it permissible for me to lead the Asr salaah, even though the Shafiee time is followed?
2. For Fajr and Zohr salaah, if I have not performed my sunnats as yet, should I decline to lead the salaah?
3. When leading taraweeh: If majority of the jamaat performs the sajdah ​tilaawat in 17th para, and not the sajdah in 23th para, do I have to do this as well, or do I do as I have been taught?
4. Witr in Ramadaan: Can I lead the witr, as I believe the Shafiee method is different?
5. Recently, one of the brothers, while leading salaah performed sajdah sahw, by making both salaams, then 2 sajdahs, then immediately 2 salaams to end the ​salaah. Is the salaah correct, as I have been taught differently?
6. I notice that the Imaams in the area say something in Arabic before the salaah, which I believe is related to straightening the saffs. Is this a sunnat, and if so, what exactly should I say.

Q: When I perform Salaah alone, should I recite Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem before Surah Fatiha in every rakaat of Salaah? Also, should I recite Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem after saying Aameen and before I start another Surah?