Salaah

Q: Why are the words of Iqaamah recited Twice(in India) when the Sahih Hadith confirms only once except Qad qaamatis Salaah as given below:

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 11, Number 579: Narrated Anas: Bilal was ordered to repeat the wording of the Adhaan for prayers twice, and to pronounce the wording of the Iqamaah once except "Qad-qamat-is-Salat".

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 11, Number 581: Narrated Abu Qilaba: Anas said, "Bilal was ordered to pronounce the wording of Adhaan twice and of Iqaamah once only." The sub narrator Isma'li said, "I mentioned that to Aiyub and he added (to that), "Except Iqaamah (i.e.Qad-Qamatis-Salat which should be said twice)."

Q: I performed isha whilst being a traveller but I returned home before fajr time. Will it be ok for me to perform 2 rakaats isha followed by 3 witr (and skip the sunnats since they are not emphasized then), or must I since I know that I will return home before fajr also pray the sunnats (either whilst on the journey or when coming home)?

Q: I started praying magrib alone before another brother joined me, so during the second rakaat I recited only one verse from the Quran (sura ghafir verse 44) after fatiha and went to ruku position. Since then I have been having doubts if my salaah is valid or not. If not what should I do because that brother is gone now. 

Q: Is it permissible to put a smartphone on a table with translation of the surah on it and offer salah and look at the translation of the surah while in salah? Whats the ruling of this in the hanafi fiqh?

Q: Is it OK to pray dhur and Asar prayers while sitting in the car because I work at that time and I have short time by 4:15 to end my work and currently maghrib starts at 4:30p.m. Please Advise.

Q: When a male is performing salaah alone, should he call out azaan and iqaamah before commencing? If neither are necessary, may he recite iqaamah before commencing?

Q: If Sajdah Sahw was not required but out of ignorance one performed Sajdah Sahw, is that Salaah valid?

Q: When we end the salaah by saying assalamualikun warahmatullah to whom we say it and where should our gaze be?

Q: How many sunnats are there in the night before bed? Please explain in detail.

Q: Please explain the salaah posture for a female. Do the arms remain close to the body and flat on the floor or raised? Please explain the complete postures from beginning to end. May Allah reward you most kind.