Salaah

Q: I have an aged grandmother who has been diagnosed with alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, her condition has deteriorated to such an extent that she forgets many things. Her salaah is one of the things that she is constantly confused about. She performs Salaah at incorrect times, says she read it when she hadn't read it and mixes up the salaahs. She also forgets to perform wudhu, sometimes performs it incorrectly, and at time makes tayamum. We try to correct her and guide her, but sometimes it is impossible. What is the correct ruling in this regard?

Q: If I carry out my fard salaah and later after the time where the salaah is valid, find out that I did an action that would have invalidated the salaah, is it sufficient for me to not repeat that mistake in all future prayers or must I make up the salaahs that I unknowingly carried out the mistake in?

Q:

1. If a person reads the ruku tasbeeh in sajda and due to the mistake he makes a sajda sahwa, is the salah valid?

2. How many sajda tasbeehs can a person read in tahajjud salaah?

Q: If an imam recites the 1st 15 verses (i.e. 1st ruku) from (1-15) of Surah Maryam in his 1st rakaat of fajr salah and in his second rakat recites 25 verses (i.e 2nd ruku) from 16-40, is the salaah valid?

Q: Does reciting a short letter long (like kawthar as kawthaar), and a long letter short (like 'alaa reading as 'ala) invalidate the salaah if it is done on purpose?

Q: Is a person allowed to skip one surah in namaaz?

Q: During jalsa, would it make my salaah invalid according to the hanafi madhab if I were to recite the dua 'Allahuma aghfirlii wa arhamnee?

Q: Is it permissible for a lady to travel with her father in law alone, or with a small baby, for a short distance (not musaafir)? What about for longer distances over 78km?

Q: Please advise if we can perform Asr Salaah in Shafi'ee time . This is done to accommodate staff that have transport problems and will not be able to make jamaat if Asr salaah is performed during hanafi time. Please advise.

Q: I have been told that if, for example one reads surah Nasr in the first rakaat, then in the next rakaat one cannot read surah Ikhlaas. One must recite the surah immediately thereafter or there should be at least a gap of two surahs. Please clarify this rule for me (e.g., does it apply only to short surahs? Does it apply to a 4 rakaat salaah as well?)