Factors that break and don't break the fast

Surma while fasting

Q: Does it invalidate or nullify the fast if you apply surma and sleep during the day? My father has been arguing that while fasting if you sleep during the day with the surma, it nullifies the fast as per some mufti he heard. kindly guide me.

Gargling the mouth in wudhu

Q:

1. After making wudhu/rinsing the mouth, the saliva of a fasting person is extremely 'wet,' as though there is some residue of water left. Despite spitting out the saliva numerous times, the excessive ‘wetness’ remains for a long period. Does swallowing such type of saliva invalidate the fast?

2. If so, is Qadha or Kaffaarah necessary?

Inhaling steam while fasting

Q: I know that inhaling steam or smoke while fasting causes the fast to break. My question is that when cooking food while fasting, there is a great risk that steam will be inhaled. Will it be necessary to take precautions to avoid the steam by keeping a distance from the cooking food as much as possible? In the case where one inhales steam unintentionally, will one's fast break?

Mazi coming out while fasting

Q: My question is during one Ramadhaan while fasting my wife accidentally sucked my private part (wife was not fasting) out of excitement. I immediately withdrew. But after that there was a seminal discharge. I heard in such a case the fast is broken. Please tell me what is the sharia'h ruling in this case?