Aqaaid

People entering Jannah without reckoning

Q: I heard someone mention that they learnt in one lesson that there is no such thing as going straight into jannah. Everyone has to answer for their sins, so if someone dies as a shaheed or with a stomach illness, then they will be saved from the punishment of the grave but they will still have to answer to Allah Ta’ala for their deeds. 

What I understood is that the teacher is not saying that they cannot go straight into jannah. The point was it is only through Allah’s mercy that we will be allowed into jannah without reckoning - but the rule is that everyone has to answer for their sins. 

Is this true regarding a shaheed or anyone else where it is generally understood they are forgiven and will gain direct entry into Jannah?

Telling a child that the new born child will bring stuff from jannah

Q: A long time ago, my parents told my young self that when my little brother comes into this world he will be able to bring stuff from Jannah that we want like a toy, and told us to make dua for it. We did eventually get it from our parents but I'm worried that my parents doing something like this is considered kufr and me and my parents joking about how I was really gullible about it is also kufr. I believe they were trying to make me have a closer connection with Allah.

Renewing one's imaan

Q: If you see a Muslim doing kufr by mocking Islam as an example or doing something else that is kufr, then he later does the 2nd kalima, perhaps for wudhu, but then gets informed that what they did in the past was kufr, is it fine if they just repent without doing the 2nd kalima again? If they don't, are they considered as disbelievers?

Seeing Jannah while in this world

Q: 

1. It is said that no eye has seen Jannah, so if people say they have seen Jannah in a dream, what is the case here? 

2. If someone feels that they have had a vision of Jannah in a state of being awake and they see someone wearing a white garment, could they have seen Jannah because in the Quran it is described that the people of Jannah will have green clothing? Can one know for sure if they have seen a vision of Jannah?

Copying notes of university lectures from a friend

Q: I am studying engineering at a University and have the following questions: 

As being physically present at classes is not mandatory, I did not attend these classes (due to laziness). Every lesson is recorded and available on the internet. During the classes the professor writes down some things which the students copy. These lessons are also available online, as you can basically go through the recorded lessons. However, am I allowed to ask a friend of mine who attended the classes to just give me his notes he copied in order to save time, as going through 30-35 recorded lessons (with each having 90 minutes)?

Sitting cross-legged when learning deen due to difficulty

Q: I attend Madrassah for a full day and often find it difficult to sit in the jalsa position for long periods as I start to experience hip and knee pain. I was told sitting cross legged imitates the kufaar and not good etiquette so I avoid sitting that way. I also don't like to lift one leg up as I feel it's disrespectful to have the knee above the desk where the Kitaabs and Quraan are. 

What are some permissible ways to sit when acquiring deeni knowledge, this applies to even attending taleem and other programs besides Madrassah... and also, is it permissible for me to use a pillow under my hip (not for salaah) but in a program or in Madrassah?