Zakaat

Donating to an organization that supports Shias

Q: I sponsor a Hifz Orfan which means I sponsor a child to become a Hafiz and to get an education and to have healthy meals throughout the day but the charity I do it through which is called Penny Appeal has links to Shia Islam. 

I googled Penny Appeal and it says 'Penny Appeal is a non-denominational international humanitarian organization and does not identify as exclusively Shia or Sunni'. It also says 'Penny Appeal serves beneficiaries from all backgrounds regardless of religious affiliation'. So the children I sponsor could be Shia or Sunni or they could be Shia when they hit puberty. So what shall I do? Shall I cancel the donation or keep it going?

Can the Imaam al-Muslimeen compel someone to discharge his zakaat

Q: I would like to inquire: if an individual deliberately refuses to pay Zakaat, does the Imaam al-Muslimeen have the authority to compel him to discharge this obligatory duty? 

I have read that the Fuqaha make a distinction between amwaal-e-zahirah and amwaal-e-batinah. Could you kindly explain this further and provide references from the books of Fiqh?

Receiving one's salary on one's zakaat date

Q: I am sahib-e nisaab Alhamdulillah, however my regular monthly pay mostly gets consumed by the next pay date. If I receive my pay on the zakaat anniversary date, should I include that pay's amount while calculating zakaat, or whether I should calculate the zakaat on my remaining assets after deducting the following month's expenses? 

Also, what sort of future expenses are permitted to be deducted before calculating zakaat on one's zakaat anniversay date?

Paying zakaat once one acquires one's share of the inheritance

Q: Regarding inheritance/working out zakaat, an estate has only money, no business, etc. 

The house and car of the deceased was already given to his wife in his lifetime - it was accepted and agreed by all during his lifetime that it belongs to his wife. 

The person passed away 3 years ago - the estate got sorted out last week and shares were given. 

Must the zakaat be give for all the previous years while they were sorting out the inheritance? 

And when do they pay zakaat for the share that was received? Should it be paid now or would they wait for a year to pay it?