Zakaat on Intercompany Loans

Q: Is zakaat payable on Intercompany Loans? Company X and Y are owned by Mr. A. Company X lends Y R250 000 as demonstrated on the balance sheet. The loan is a general loan with no specific purpose. The loan is an Asset to X and a liability to Y. Will Company X pay Zakaat on the loan receivable from Y? Will Y subtract the loan in its zakaat calculation?

Saving Tax By Paying Zakaat

Q: I have been told that it is possible for us to form a Family Foundation, register it as a donor organization with the Receiver of Revenue for tax deductions for donations.  As the taxes we pay are used in un-Islamic ways by the Govt., e.g., abortions, corruption, mismanagement of funds, etc, it is better for us to pay as little tax as possible.  Since the donations made by the Foundation are tax deductible, it is a way in which Muslims can minimize their tax burden in a legal way when Zakaat is paid.

Are Ladies Permitted to stand in the saffs of the men in Jamaat Salaah?

Q: Are ladies permitted to stand in the saffs of the men in jamaat salaah. In Bahisti Zewar under the section "Prerequisites of Salaah" there is a masalah that says that the Imaam must make niyyat for a woman who intends joining the Jamaat Salaah if she is standing in line with the men. However if she is standing behind them, then the Imaam does not have to make niyyat for her. This masalah seems to show permissibility for the women to be in line with the men?