Calculating zakaat

Q: I am trying to understand a masala. For example:

Zaid takes a loan of $5,000 from his brother, and his brother tells him to pay $200/month, but Zaid doesn't pay every single month, but on and off. Would it be necessary to deduct however much money Zaid owes his brother of that loan when calculating Zakat or Zaid will not deduct anything because his brother is not asking for the money?

At the same time, Zaid's brother did not verbally mention to him that he has pardoned the debt. Would qiyas—here— be made on مهر مؤجل, in terms of it not being deducted because of عدم المطالبة عادة? 

Q: In your fatwa copied below, please advise if the unmarried girl does not know about (or does not have true possession ) of the jewellery. Minor girls may know it is for them but they have practically no control on it.

Zakaat on gifted jewellery

Q: Many years ago, my maternal grandmother had kept an amount of gold jewellery in order to give it to me in my marriage. Later, my mother took it from her, telling her that she would keep it safely until the marriage. So the jewellery is with my mother. Now, since I am unmarried, I have not received it yet. My question is: Who is responsible for the payment of zakah for that particular gold jewellery?

A: If your grandmother gifted the jewellery to you and your mother took the jewellery on your behalf with your knowledge and consent, then it belongs to you and zakaat is compulsory upon you.

Q: Is is permissible to discharge zakaat of gold and money before one's particular discharging zakat date?

Q: A group of people formed a company. Some of the partners say that zakaat is due annually on the date of inception. While others say each shareholder needs to pay Zakaat according to the value of his share on the day on which his Zakaat is due annually. Please advise on what date should the Zakaat for the company be calculated?

Q: If I have 20 lakh rupees in my account at the start of the year and after completion of one year this amount is increased to 30 lakh over the last twelve months gradually on monthly savings from my source of income. To my knowledge if an amount is in my possession for one year constantly, the zakat is due on that amount, therefore I assume that I should calculate my zakat on 20 lakh because the increase in my amount is month by month and full one year has not been passed over this amount. Am I correct or I should calculate my zakat on 30 lakh?

Q: I became sahib-e-nisab on my nikah day 15 years back in the month of Rabi us Sani. I have been giving out zakat every year in Rabi us Sani since then. However I was calculating the amount on random dates of Rabi us Sani as I was unaware that there should be a fixed date too. From now on, which date should be fixed?

Q: Many years ago, my maternal grandmother had kept an amount of gold jewellery in order to give it to me in my marriage. Later, my mother took it from her, telling her that she would keep it safely until the marriage. So the jewellery is with my mother.

Now, since I am unmarried, I have not received it yet. My question is: Who is responsible for the payment of zakah for that particular gold jewellery?

Q: Kindly advise with regard to the following:

Four siblings had sold a jointly owned asset and had given their father the money which was to have been invested by him in a property. However this did not happen for whatever reason and the money remained in the father's business. Over time it was even forgotten that this money has not been invested and has merely been left in the business. The father too had completely forgotten about this money that it is lying in the business. 14 years later one of the siblings passed away. It is now two years since his demise. He has a minor child and two adult children.

Nevertheless it has now been remembered that this money is lying in the business and was not invested. The deceased sibling's share (R95000) has not yet been distributed to his heirs. The father is in the process of returning the money to all the siblings and to the estate of the deceased.

It has been established that none of the the siblings, including the deceased, had included this amount in calculating their zakaat liability. The questions are:

1. Do the living siblings have to pay zakaat on this wealth that has now been returned to them? If yes, how will this be calculated?

2. Will zakaat be payable on the share of the deceased (R95 000) for the period until his demise? If yes, who is responsible to discharge this?

3. Are the heirs of the deceased liable for zakaat upon their respective shares for the past 2 years?

Q: I have invested 200000(2lacs) in gold business last year August 2017. The profit of which is expected to come in December 2018 of amount 1.2lac.

1. Which amount I shall consider for zakat, the invested amount or the profit or both?

2. There is some amount I have invested in the business for which I get monthly profit. So in that case also which amount shall be considered for zakat, investment amount or the monthly profit.

Q:

1. Is zakaat mandatory on the jewellery given by the in laws at the time of nikaah, which is with me after my divorce? My ex husband told me that he will pay my meher and take that jewellery back but it's almost one and half year. Should I give zakaat of that as I am giving zakaat of my other things?

2. Is zakaat mandatory on my saved money, of last 6-8 months?

3. Is zakaat to be given on my money which was given to my ex husband as a loan, but now as we got divorced, there is less chances of repay?

4. What about the meher which is also not paid?