Masbooq and Laahiq

Q: When joining salaah late after takbeer, after I have put my hand on my belly, how should I recite thanaa?

Q: I want to know what should be done if you miss 1, 2 or 3 rakaats of a fardh Salaah?

Q:

1. When joining Salaah behind an Imaam in the first rakaat before ruku, does one have to recite Thanaa?

2. If no, and if one recited it, is the Salaah valid?

3. If one happens to recite the first Takbeer (Takbeer Tahreemah) and thereafter recite Takbeer again and go into ruku whilst the Imaam is already into ruku, is the Salaah valid?

Q: Whilst performing Salaah with Jamaat behind an Imaam, if a Masbooq (latecomer) joins the Salaah after the Imaam has completed four rakaats and joins just before the Salaam.

1. Is it necessary for him to recite the tashahhud with the Imaam for his Salaah to be valid or is it sufficient for his Salaah to be valid that he joins in the Salaah before the Imaam makes salaam?

2. Should the Masbooq recite only Tashahud in the Qa'dah or also Durood Ibraaheem and Duaa after Durood.

Q:

1. Please provide the correct procedure to be followed when missing one rakaat in a four rakaat Salaah behind the Imaam.

2. If a person misses one rakaat with Jamaat,  when starting in the second rakaat does one start with Thanaa as well as reading Thanaa when one stands
up to complete the missed rakaats?

Q: When I am late for a fardh for example salatul dhuhr, I am late of two rakaats and I joined them and I am performing the 3rd rakaat and then after salaam you will stand again to finish the two rakaats. Here's my question, on the first rakaat should I perform attahiyat and point a finger or you will only point a finger on the second rakaat? And then after that will be salaam?

Q: A person I know came with me to the Friday prayers. He is not very knowledgeable in Fiqh like myself and we are both non-Aalims. I got out and my companion went to park, but time was running short already, so I managed to find a space, but wasn't sure whether my companion got there on-time. Anyway, I prayed and finished the namaaz. When I got towards the back row I noticed my companion, he pulled me to the side and he was concerned if his prayer was valid, he explained to me the following situation: He came and the Jamaat rose for the 2nd rak'ah, he joined them in the 2nd rak'ah. So when they went into Tashahhud and my companion got up before the Imaam made tasleem, either out of forgetfulness or ignorance, and he quickly managed to finish his final rak'ah and apparently still managed to say the tasleem with the Imaam. He didn't do two prostrations of forgetfulness either. If he neglected to say the Tashahhud out of ignorance as well, would that affect the verdict? What is the verdict anyway?

Q: If you join the jamaat in the last rakaat while the imaam is in tashahud, is your salaat valid or is it preferable to read alone?

Q: If I join Zuhr Salaah behind the Imaam after 3 rakaats, what is the correct procedure to join and complete the Salaah? What should I recite after standing up after the Imaam has made salaam? Surah Fatiha only ? Surah Fatiha and a Surah?

Q:

1. If I miss the first rakaat of jammat after the Imam makes salaam, when I stand to complete the salaah do I read Surah Fatiha or first the thanaa then Surah Fatiha?

2. If I join the Imaam few minutes after he says takbeer, do I still read my thanaa or just lift my hands an keep quite?