Laws of Iqaamah

Q: Why are the words of Iqaamah recited Twice(in India) when the Sahih Hadith confirms only once except Qad qaamatis Salaah as given below:

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 11, Number 579: Narrated Anas: Bilal was ordered to repeat the wording of the Adhaan for prayers twice, and to pronounce the wording of the Iqamaah once except "Qad-qamat-is-Salat".

Sahih Bukhari Volume 1, Book 11, Number 581: Narrated Abu Qilaba: Anas said, "Bilal was ordered to pronounce the wording of Adhaan twice and of Iqaamah once only." The sub narrator Isma'li said, "I mentioned that to Aiyub and he added (to that), "Except Iqaamah (i.e.Qad-Qamatis-Salat which should be said twice)."

Q: If I make a mistake while leading salaah and the salah needs to be repeated, should the iqamat be given again?

Q: Should the Muazzin turn his head to the right and left when saying the Iqaamah?

Q:

1. Is it makrooh to stand up before the Maqadir says " Haya ala Aslah" in the Iqamah? 
2. What is a Muqadir?
3. Could a detail understanding be given to the above question as  it is creating  confusion?

Q: Can women give the Iqaamat before Salaah ?