Haiz, Istihaazah & Nifaas

Calculating haiz when in istihaazah

Q: In the case of istihaaza, if my period starts at around 4:00-5:00, then after my haiz days I then count 15 days as clean, now I am still having discharge like 2 times a day. So if I see any discharge at approx 4:40,will my haiz start? This is because I dont know the exact time my haiz had started last time, it was around 4 to 5 o clock... So it could be after 4:40 also.

Is it important that my counting should go in exact hours and minutes or can there be a difference of half an hour or so? I have counted the above scenario as my period. Is it okay?

Doubting whether haidh has ended

Q: Toward the end of a menstrual period, often it is not clear if the period has ended or not. This causes a frustrating problem: should she wait until she is sure the period has ended, even though she is risking missing a prayer, or should she make ghusl and pray even though it is possible the period has not yet ended? You see, if she chooses to be cautious, often she has to make multiple ghusls until she is finally sure.

Reason for mutahayyirah performing salaah as a precaution

Q: It is mentioned in a fatwa regarding a mutahayyara that if she is in doubt as to whether her haidh has ended or not, she will take ghusl for each salaah time and perform the salaah of the time. When the next salaah time comes, she will take ghusl and before performing the salaah of that time she will perform the last salaah again as a precaution" So what does it mean as a precaution perform the last salaah again. How is that being cautious?What are they being cautious of? 

Bleeding after a miscarriage

Q: I understand that after a miscarriage, the blood will be considered nifas if the miscarried fetus had any sort of physical development, like a limb has been formed. Approximately how many weeks is this at? I’ve heard that it should be a minimum of 3 months. Also, is the heart beat considered? If no limb has formed but the heart beat can be heard? Because the heart beat can be heard very early in the pregnancy.

Making dua after nifaas

Q: Relatives are telling me that when my 40 days of nifaas (postpartum) are over, my husband should make a prayer or dua as it is what the elders have done. I am asking if this is stated in any hadith and if it is required to do so.

Spotting after abortion

Q: I have questions related to Islamic activities like prayer, reciting Quran and fasting, sexual relations, etc. My wife was pregnant for 2 month's but the growth of the embryo has stopped after 1 month(4 weeks). After 2 month's we came to know the problem and the doctor advised to get D&C (abortion). Now even after 12 days, her menstrual cycle has not started and she is just spotting after 1 or 2 days on her pad. I want to know Islamically, do we consider it as menstrual bleeding or istihada?