circumcision

Circumcision for new-Muslims

Q: This question is on behalf of a revert brother that is planning to get married. He would like to know what is the ruling on circumcision for a male revert to Islam in the light of Hanafi fiqh as well as Shaafi fiqh? What is the ruling of ghusl after relations with regards to not being circumcised? Would ghusl be valid if he is not circumcised? Any other advise for the brother would be accepted.

Circumcision for women

Q: According to all the four schools of thought is the type of female genital mutilation in which the whole clitoris is cut off which is practiced in many countries allowed in Islam? Since I have heard it can cause a lot of complications and even death due to bleeding.