Factors that break and don't break the fast

Q: I would like to know can a woman fast during Ramadan if she is undergoing radiation for breast cancer?

Q:

1. I have read that one can only miss his fast if one is a traveller at sehri time. What will be the ruling of an individual who is travelling abroad but his  light is at afternoon time (meaning he is still at home at sehri time)?

2. If that person needs to fast, how will he do Iftar because different countries have different iftar times.

3. Also, will putting Vicks under the nose and sniffing it throurg out the day break one's fast? I have read that it doesn't because it does not have a body. Will that have the same ruling if one was to sniff Vicks from a tissue (i.e. putting some vicks on a tissue and then inhaling the subtance form the tissue?

Q:

1) If a person intentionally keeps masturbating and ejaculating during whole ramazan since he fasted 1st roza of his life so will masturbating and ejaculating broke his roza?

2) If rozas have broken due to masturbating will he have to done qaza for each roza or he will have to pay kaffara for each roza?

3) What is the qaza and kaffara of one broken roza intentionally?

Q: I'm curious that every time I make wudhu during fasting; water is held in my mouth and even after spitting it out twice or thrice I still swallow water mixed with saliva, what is the ruling? Is my fast invalid?

Q: A person while fasting in Ramadhaan masturbates by rubbing himself on the bed. What is the status of the roza? Is he supposed to do qaza or kaffara?

Q: If one is making a fardh ghusl whilst in the state of fasting, does one have to wash the nose upto the soft bone?

Q: I recently learnt in my madresa that we should be careful when making ghusl in Ramadaan and that we should be careful when washing our behind because water gets sucked up and that will break the fast. My question is how should we wash the behind and till what extent, so that the water does not get sucked up.

Q:

1. While fasting can we put oil inside our eyes? Will it break the fast or make the fast invalid?

2. There is a amla oil ( gooseberry oil) which has very strong good smell. Can a woman apply this oil on head and go outside house as it has very strong good smell?

3. While fasting if we smell bakhoor (ood) without burning it will our fast break or become invalid?

Q: While fasting, if one swallows a food particle stuck between one's teeth, will the fast break?

Q: If a person is doing dialysis while fasting, will his fast break and can he fast during the month of Ramadhaan if he has to go for dialysis?