Various masaail of zakaat

Q: I gave a needy person some charity money for construction of his house. Later on, can I make the niyyat of zakaat for that money? Will my zakaat be discharged in this way?

Q: I gave a few thousands as a loan to someone and did not tell him that I had no intention of taking back. Please tell me:

1. Can I inform him not to pay me back?

2. Can I deduct that amount from my due zakat?

3. Should I inform him that it was zakat?

4. When I was giving him the loan, I had no intention of cutting it from my zakat. 

Q: For better distribution and reaching to deserving people, is it allowed if one delays payment or distribution of (zakat, charity and other due payment) not on the spot but regularly (monthly) to needy people. He will finish all due payments before the end of the Islamic year. If it is allowed and the person passes away during the year, will he be sinful.

Q: My maid had to return me a loan of 70 thousand rupees. I made up my mind to give her 30 thousand from my zakat money. I had 15000 zakat amount with me, when I gave it to her, she asked how much is it? I said its 30,000 as by that time I totally forgot that it was 15,000 and not 30 thousand. She returned it to me without counting and said that deduct this amount 30k from your loan. Later I remembered the mistake.

Question: is 15k discharged as zakat, or 30k? Should I deduct 15k from the loan amount or 30k?

Q: I would just like to enquire the following; Currently I contribute zakaat, sadaqah or lillah money to certain organisations,

•If one receives a Section 18A certificate for the above donations & money is received back again from SARS; what can this money be used for:

-Does this money have to be given back to charity?

-Can this money be used to pay traffic fines?

-Can this money be used for any other personal use?

Q:

1. What is ruling on Zakat to giving needy close relatives, if others are more poor than that. To whom should be given, to needy close relatives or more needy other than relatives or Fuqra.

2. Should a person distribute his own Zakat or hand it over to an institution?

Q: I have to pay a loan of Rs. 600,000 and my wife also has gold. Approximately 10 tolla for which zakat is applicable @2.5%. The question is that, do I have to pay zakaat on my wife's gold and pay back my loan?

Q: Will zakaat be fulfilled when I give the zakat money for orphaned madrasah children to utilize to grow maize and other crops to feed them?

Q: What is the difference between zakaat, khairat, fitrah and sadaqah?

Q: If a person is liable for zakaat, can he use his childrens money without asking them instead of taking zakaat?