Times of Salaah

Q: How many minutes after sunrise can one pray again? Is it correct that one cannot pray salah as well as quran during sunrise or only salah (qadha)?

Q: How many minutes before sunset is it not permissible to make salaah or sajdah-e-tilaawat? Some say atleast half an hour before sunset and some say about three minutes before sunset. 

Q: Is it permissible for women to read zuhr salaah on Friday before the khutbah since they are not reading jumuah?

Q: What will be the time for Nafl prayer for our dead relatives?

Q: I have to travel from Dallas to Dubai, how do I calculate onboard prayer time? Flight is for 15 hours approximately.

Q: What are the mustahab times for performing all five salaah?

Q: Can you change Zuhr time of a musjid on heritage day or any public holiday of the kuffaar?

Q: What would be an approximate time that one has to read Asr Salaah from the time Asr sets in until the makrooh time. 

Q:

1. If I start a Salaat at the time of sunrise, zawaal or sunset and then realise the time, must I break the Salaat or finish it?

2. If it's the time of after Asr or after Tahajjud, must I break the Salaat or carry on?

3. Is it the same for fard and Sunnat and nafl Salaat in the two answers for above questions?

Q: I normally refer to the sunrise timing from the salah timings in Dubai which I Google. However sometimes there are differences of sunrise timings when compared with calendars. Some say 6:19, some state 6:17, some say 6:15.

So if I finished my Fajr Salah at 6:17am, which exact time should I use. I get confused which table should I refer to.