Times of Salaah

Q: What is the last time of asr? As in how many minutes before maghrib can asr be read?

Q: Sometimes when I wake up for fajr, I wake up a little late and the time of fajr is nearly on its end. So in that circumstance can I pray only fardh? Because if I pray Sunnah, then to complete my fardh I have to rush my prayer.

Q: As I live in a city and because of the buildings, I can't always see the sky openly. How can I determine that time when salah is forbidden? Is there any trustful program to use, do you know one? I hope it is the one that shows time as salah calendar as I don’t always have wifi on at home? And also, if I didn’t make my fard yet and the forbidden time started, can I still make my salah if I see that due to some reasons I will miss it - like toilet is busy, water is going to be off, etc? How sinful is it to make salah at this time? Also, if I start salah some minutes prior to this time and ended it when this time has started, do I have to repeat my salah?

Q: Is it okay to offer Asr Salaah in Shaafi'ee time rather than Hanafi time? (I am a hanafi)

Q: Is it true that Esha time sets in one hour after Maghrib Salaah and is it permissible to perform Esha one hour after Maghrib Salaah?

Q: Is it impermissible to perform Esha salaah in the early morning before fajr has come in? What time frame exactly does one have to pray esha before it is considered a missed salaah?

Q: How many minutes before Esha can one perform Maghrib Salaah without it becoming qadha? In other words, till what time does Maghrib Salaah time remain?

Q: Can we perfom the Sunnats of fajr before fajr time begins?

Q: When does the time of Maghrib Salaah commence and terminate?

Q: I want to ask that I live in Karachi and the asar time in my city starts from 3.27pm and the adhan for prayer is being called off by 4.15pm but I am a student. I have to go to coaching to take my classes and my class starts from 4.15 to 5.00 and there is a 5 minute break but in that 5 minute break there is such a rush of people so I am not able to pray my Asr Salaah and the next class begins from 5 - 5.45 but at 5.45 it is time for Maghrib. Can I pray before adhan is called?