Conditions for the validity of Salaah

Q: What is the duration of zawaal, sunrise and sunset?

Q: Please provide guidance on Salaah times.

1. I notice that some timetables stipulate Asr (Shafi) and Asr (Hanafi). There is usually a 70 minute difference between the 2 times.

1a. As I am Hanafi, what happens if I perform Asr at the time permitted for Shafi’s?

1b. At what time does Zuhr end, and Asr begin?

1c. As I am Hanafi, can I still read Zohr at the time that Asr for the Shafi’s commence?

2. Until what time can I perform Asr?

3. Until what time can I perform Maghrib?

4. Until what time can I perform Esha?

Q: I work in a hospital. The hand rub we use contains alcohol (ethanol) mixed with glycerine. Some drops fell on my clothes and dried. Can I pray with that clothes?

Q: Is wearing a skull cap mandatory whilst praying Salaah?

Q: I had offered 2 rakaahs of sunnah after zuhr, but I forgot that I already offered it. So I offered it again, but I mistakenly faced the wrong direction instead of the Qiblah. Should I offer the sunnah again?

Q: Till what time can one offer fajr prayer? 

Q: Just want to find out which salaah's can be joined (read at the same time) when one is a traveller?​

Q: I read that Maghrib prayer time ends when the redness in the sky goes away. Also I read that it ends half an hour before Isha Azan. Which one is true? Half an hour before Isha azan I feel the sky becomes darker. Can I still pray Maghrib or should I mention as qadha namaz? As I'm a working woman and gets little late to reach home and can't pray in van.

Q: Can we perform salaah with clothes on which has animals like Puma shirts, etc.?

Q: If fajar azan is at 4:45 am then what's the maximum last time tahajjud can be offered?