Sunan-e-Muakkadah

Q:

1. Zaid is performing Salaah alone. He calls out the Iqaamah for his Fardh Salaah, but then realizes that he has not yet performed his Sunnat-e-Muakkadah Salaah. What should Zaid do in such an instance?
2. Would the ruling change if a Sunnat-e-Ghair-Muakkadah Salaah was not yet performed before he had given the Iqaamah?

Q:

1. If one is late for fajr jamaat, and performing the sunnats will result in missing jamaat, what should one do?
2. Can the sunnats of fajr be performed after the fardh? I have noticed some brothers doing this?

Q: What is the ruling regarding lying down after the two sunnats of fajr in the Hanafi madhab?

Q: What is the time difference between rakatul fajr and salaatus subhi? Should the sunnah be considered as optional?

Q: How many sunnats are there in the night before bed? Please explain in detail.

Q: Where I work, sometimes it is not possible to perform complete Salaah. In Islam can we just perform fardh only when at work?

Q: If the Sunnats of Fajr were missed because time was less before sunrise, must it be read after sunrise?

Q:

1. It comes in the Hadith about zuhr sunnats that time the heavens are open. Does that mean we should read our zuhr sunnats immediately after zuhr time begins to get this virtue. 
2. How do you work out zuhr begining time? When is zawaal how long before zuhr? If zuhr starts at 1:12. Can you read nafl at 1:00. If zuhr starts at 1:12, can you read sunnats after Azaan? I heard you should wait 5 minutes. Why is that?
3. Sun rising, setting and zawaal you can't read anything. Can you bury someone at that time?

Q:

1. Is there any Hadith which mentions four sunnah before ishaa, the nawafil after zuhr and ishaa and also the two nafil after the witr.
2. Before jumua' are the four sunnats muakadah?  And after Jumma the six sunnats should one read four first or two first? I read in a book that Allamah Anwar ​Sha Kashmiri's view was two then four. What is the daleel for two nafil after Jumua'?
3. Is it sunnah to read Ayatul Kursi after every Salaah?

Q: Does one have to read a surah after surah faatiha in the 3rd and 4th rakaat of the sunnah namaaz for eg. 4 sunnah of zohr or asr?