The Jumuah Khutba

Q: I would like to find out what is the significance of sitting in the tashahud position while listening to the khutbah (with ones hands on ones lap). I witness it on jummah's often.

Q: I have a question that has been bothering me for over a decade. After the bayan and khutba, before Jumah (jumuah) prayer, should there be any English spoken and if so does that make the Salat null and void? 

Q: What are the conditions for both the Jumuah Khutbahs to be valid?

Q: I'm stuck in a weird situation. I am studying in Birmingham city university. Alhamdulillah we have been told by our elders not to criticise people from different school of thoughts than yours. I follow Deoband school and go in tabligh jamat very often. In my university saalfi brothers are trying to take over, like they made the Islamic society majorly run by them. Problem is'nt that but the problem is that for Friday jumma from last 12 years an Imam has been coming. They asked him to not come and they (students) have started to lead the jumma. They do the juma kutba which is after second azan in both English and Arabic, like they start in Arabic a bit and mostly start speaking in English. My fist question is that is khutba like this valid, secondly I've seen them doing maasa on normal socks not the leather ones and they lead the prayer is that acceptable.

Q: Is it sunnah for the Imam to start ascending the mimbar with the right foot in order to give the Jumuah Khutba?

Q:

1. If I sneeze during the Jummuah Khutbah, must I say 'Alhamdulillah'?

2. If someone else says 'Alhamdulillah' during the Jummuah Khutbah, must I reply to it?

Q: If you talk while the Khutbah is on, Is your Jumuah salaah valid? If you read the 4 sunaats while the Khutbah is on, is your Jumuah salaaah valid? If we talk or read four sunaats while the Khutbah is on, must we read the zohr salaah?

Q:

1. Can a muqtadi give luqma in the juma khutba if the imam makes a mistake while reading the khutba?

2. Is it necessary/allowed to translate the khutba in one's own language?

Q: In our masjid there is a scholar but he is not an Aalim. He gives the Jummah Khutba in English. Is this allowed? Is the Jummah salaah accepted?

Q: Can you give me several arabic Dua'as with the Arabic text that I can mention in the Jumma Khutbah?