salaah

Q: I heard that the Surah recited after Surah Faatihah in the second rakaat should be shorter than the one recited in the first rakaat. What is the Shar'ee ruling regarding this?

Q: I am from Peshawar and I am an employee here in Islamabad. I used to come to my office every Monday and go home every Friday. I live here in a hostel for 4 nights every week for the last 1 and half years but I have never stayed for more then 10 days here in my hostel continously. How should I perform my namaaz? Do I have to read qasr or full namaaz? 

Q: I was praying Asr Salaah with Jamaat and had missed 3 rakats. I forgot to recite a surah in the second rakah, so I recited a surah in the third rakah, and also did sajdah sahw. Is this correct?

Q: I have travelled with my family safar distance to a major city with many suburbs within it, we will be staying in the madressa property in this city, for 2 months and then returning to our town.

We are already here 2 weeks. I never intended staying in the madressa for full 15 days as yet, as i was trying to take out a 3 days jamaat over the weekend, and spending time with this jamaat in another suburb of this big city.

Over the past 2 weekends the jamaat did not materialise and I still have intention to take it out next weekend.

Therefore I still do not have the niyyat yet to stay inside the madressa property for 15 days. However, as from tomorrow it will be that i already stayed 15 full days in the madressa (though not intending it).

1. Am i a musaafir or muqeem?

And what was I all these days?

2. Also what is the general masla regarding big cities with different suburbs? Are they regarded as one big place or different places when it comes to musaafir and muqeem.

Q:

1. Must the surah recited in the second rakaat be shorter than the surah recited in the first rakaat?

2. If so, how is the length of a surah determined?

Q: Can you please tell me the method for how to join jamaat salaah if I am late?

Q: Is it permissible to make dua in congregation after fardh salaah? Is there any hadith in which it has been called an innovation in Islam? 

Q: Can you work out qadha for fajr, zohur, asr, magrib, isha and 3 witr for me from the age of 13 years till the end of 17 years. Basically from the time I became baligh.

Q: Can a woman give azaan in the musjid?