Buying a cheaper ticket and showing the company a higher price

Q: I'm going to my home country on vacation from Saudi Arabia and my company is giving me an air ticket of 2090 Saudi Riyals. I told them that I will buy it myself.

If I buy a cheap ticket in a less privileged airline and show them an invoice of a privileged airline, the same that the company was supposed to buy for me. Kindly tell me if it is okay or the surplus money will be haraam.

Deducting debts when calculating zakaat

Q: I am trying to understand a masala. For example:

Zaid takes a loan of $5,000 from his brother, and his brother tells him to pay $200/month, but Zaid doesn't pay every single month, but on and off. Would it be necessary to deduct however much money Zaid owes his brother of that loan when calculating Zakat or Zaid will not deduct anything because his brother is not asking for the money?

At the same time, Zaid's brother did not verbally mention to him that he has pardoned the debt. Would qiyas—here— be made on مهر مؤجل, in terms of it not being deducted because of عدم المطالبة عادة

Giving a gift to a government official for a tender

Q: I work in a government organization as an officer. We deal with a lot of tenders. Everyday lots of contractors visit us regarding projects. These days we are working on a new tender and a contractor (let’s call him X), who frequently visits us, informed me that his company’s country head is in town and wants to meet us. I asked him to come to our office and meet our team.

X came along with the country head and we discussed technical matters. At the end of our meeting, the country head gave us a gift bag and told us that this is a souvenir from his side for us. We were 3 team members but he brought souvenirs for only the two of the team members. He didn’t give anything to the third person.

Was this ‘souvenir’ a bribe to us? Because the meeting was regarding a tender, but we are not giving them any favours. We are going through the whole tender process as transparently as possible. I am worried whether this souvenir is a bribe or not, because I realised it later on, after he left, that it might be a bribe. We still won’t be giving them any favours on the tender project. If it is termed as a bribe, what should I do now because I have already accepted the gift.

Note: The country head gave us the products that his own company makes, hence called it a souvenir.