Times of Salaah

Q: How much time before sunrise can one offer fajr Salaah?

Q: What is zawal time? How much time before zohar Salaah does it start? Is there any zawal time before maghrib? If someone is reading/reciting Quran Sharif and zawal time commences, does he have to stop reading?

Q: Last Friday I made a mistake when I looked at the prayer times on the internet. The site I looked at gave two times for Esha. One time for 17 degrees (which is the view of Abu Yusuf, Imaam Muhammad, Shafi, Maalik, Ahmad bin Hanbal) and one time for 19 degrees (which is the opinion of Abu Hanifa). The mosque I go to use an even a earlier time of 15 degrees for Esha. My calendar at home uses 12 degrees. Now last Friday the time for Esha for 17 degrees was 23:10 and for 19 degrees it was 23:33 o'clock. Now when I go to the mosque for Esha I pray with the jamaat who pray at 15 degrees for Esha. But when I pray at home I used to pray at 19 degrees. So last Friday I prayed Esha with my brother at home by mistake at 17 degrees, and the next day on Saturday I prayed also on 17 degrees. I came to know this the next day on Sunday after Fajr time was expired. Now what should I do? I am not sure what to do therefore I ask you. Can I consider them valid as I prayed at 17 degrees which is valid according to all Imaams except Abu Hanifa? Or must I repeat first those two Esha and Witr prayer before I pray the current prayer of the time? If yes, what about the prayers I prayed in the meanwhile before getting your answer? Or should I wait until 6 prayers are passed over the Esha prayer I peformed at 17 degrees, then pray those two Esha and Witr prayers at any time? Or did I have to repeat those two Esha and witr prayers, then repeat the Fajr then pray the prayer that is coming i.e. Dhuhr?

Q: If a person has an excuse to perform the two rakaats fardh of fajr at home, can he perform his Salaah just after the azaan has commenced or does he have to wait until the time the two rakaat fardh are being performed in the musjid? 

Q: What is the Shariah ruling regarding the earliest time that Esha commences for the Hanafi Mazhab , and do the seasons ( i.e. long days and short days ) have any significance or implications.

Q: We Live in a country Romania where the maghrib salaah is at 9:15pm. According to the perpetual salaah time table the time for esha comes in at midnight. This is inconvenient, especially so for salaah in jamaah at the local musallah. Under these circumstances, will it be permissible for us to perform esha salaat with jamaah before the time of esha comes in? This will be at around 10:30pm.

Q: If a na baaligh girl has not read asr salaah and thereafter she reads at sunset is it better for her to complete the salaah or to break the salaah?

Q: When does Fajr  salaah time start, could you please explain in detail what it means by Subah sadiq and how do you work out the time of Fajr?

Q: You have mentioned that "One wudhu will suffice for both the namaazes if they are read in the time of Esha" but my question is that what if the the both salaah Maghrib & Esha are combined and prayed in Maghrib time, will the wudhu of Maghrib suffice for Esha salaah? 

Q: Is it permissible to combine Zohr and Asr in Arafaat on the 9th of Zil Hajj whilst in the tents and not behind the Imaam of Hajj in Masjid-e-Namira?