Conditions for the validity of Nikaah

Q: Is civil marriage in a court accepted in Islam?

Q: Someone has told me that it is permissible to marry a Christian man, a Christian that doesn't convert to Islam and still have a halal marriage. This sounds totally incorrect and wrong, please elaborate.

Q: I am a Sunni Muslim and I had a question about a Sunni - Shia marriage. Am I violating my belief if I compromise with my shia wife to not name my child the names of the first three caliphs?

Q: About 10 years back I was in a boyfriend girlfriend relationship with a non Muslim boy and wanted to marry him. (Astaghfirullah) One day while we were talking over the phone, I got emotionally carried away and said qubul hai to him thrice like I had seen in the movies and series. That was it. There was no one else, no other thing or condition, I just spoke! Now was this a nikah?

I have sincerely repented for my mistakes and feelings for a non-Muslim boy from Allah Ta'ala and still repent daily for every wrong doing of mine! I would request you to. I am now married and a mother of one. 

Q: My muslim friend wants to get married to an atheist guy from thailand. My friend said that she will mary him after he converts to Islam. But the atheist guy said that he only will convert to Islam because he wants to marry her not because he believes in Islam. Is this marriage haram? Shall I try to stop my friend from marrying this atheist guy?

Q:

1. During nikah, does ijaab and qabool have to be said in the past tense?

2. If they are not said in the past tense, is the nikaah invalid?

Q: I once asked my ustaaz whether it is okay for a woman to state in the nikaah contract that while she is married to the man he cannot get another wife. I was told that it is incorrect to do such a thing because it is permissible to have more than one wife and you are not allowed to make it impermissible upon him. Basically you can't make haraam upon him that which is halaal. Could this please be clarified.

Q: I had a few questions regarding nikaah:

1. What is the correct procedure for nikaah? What does it involve and how is it done?

2. If the bride's father is alive but does not wish to attend the nikaah, can the bride's brother be her wali? Is the nikaah valid without the presence of the father?

3. Does it matter which language the nikaah is performed - for example, if the bride or groom or witnesses do not understand what is said by whoever is performing the nikaah, is the nikaah valid? Also, does ijaab and qabool have to be said in Arabic?

Q: Foreigners in our town have reverted a married women (she is working for them) to Islam. Her husband refuses to become a Muslim. Is her marriage still valid? She has children and was not told this fact as she does not want her marriage to end. Please confirm.

Q: During nikaah, if the ijaab and qubool are said in a language that the groom understands, but the bride and her wali/representative do not, is the nikah valid so long as the proper words of ijaab and qubool are said?