Method of Salaah

Q: Is it permissible to recite duas that appear in the Quraan in Sujood? Such as

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

Q: I don't know the last durood that is read in last before salaam. What can I read inplace of that? I also don't know the dua in witr salaah. What should I do? 

Q: The first rakah of fajr should be long. Is it for the two rakah sunnah or the fard only?

Q: I was a masbooq for esha salaah and in the surah after surah fatiha I think I missed out a few words in surah nasr in the last aayat due to some disturbance. I think the words were 'was tagh fir'. In this situation do you need to make sajda e sahw and do I need to repeat my salaah?

Q: I would like to know if I can pray these 3 surahs in my tahajud salah; surah waqia, surah mulk and surah sajda because I pray out of salah so I can add them to my tahajud salah.

Q: If a person read Surah Naas in the first rakaat, what should he read in the second rakaat? Is this for nafl and for fard salaat?

Q: If I am offering prayers alone then can I read qirat (reciting Holy Quran) in a loud voice? If there is no person except me.

Q:

1. What is the status of reciting consecutive Surahs in fardh salaat? For example, reciting Surah Ikhlaas in the first rakaat and Surah Falaq in the second rakaat?

2. In fardh salaah, it makrooh to intentionally recite Surah Ikhlaas in the first rakaat and Surah Naas in the second rakaat?

3. In Witr salaah, what is the status of reciting Surah Ikhlaas in the first rakaat, Surah Falaq in the second rakaat, and Surah Naas in the third rakaat?

4. What are the two shortest Surahs that can be read in the first and second rakaat of fardh salaah?

Q: If a person read Surah Naas in the first rakaat, what should he read in the second rakaat?

Q: A man joined the Salaah after the Imaam completed the Surah Faatihah. Should he recite sana?