Breaking a qadha fast

Q: I know that we can break a nafl fast if there is an 'uzr (excuse). For myself as a diabetic, I assume that an 'uzr could be when I get very low blood sugar values which makes life difficult for me if I don't eat.

1. Is it also permissible to break a qada fast if you have an uzr?

2. If so, would you have to make one or two qadas? (i.e. do you have to make up the original fast as well as the qada fast that you broke, or only the original fast?)

Reading novels

Q: I would like to know whether or not it is permissible to read books which make you think of unnecessary/evil images. I am a practising Muslim, however I was enjoying the book 'thirteen reasons why' until I felt I needed to ask.

What is the correct way for a woman to establish that she is out of haidh?

Q:

1. What is the correct way for a woman to establish that she is out of haidh?

a. Is it necessary that tissue etc. be inserted and it should be dry

b. If on the tissue is a white discharge, will she be regarded as clean now?

c. Is it not necessary to insert anything, once her pad remains clean she can make ghusl? Sometimes there is a discharge but so little that it does not stain the pad, just when making istinja a wetness can be felt, so one is not sure of the colour of the discharge

d. Sometimes it's difficult to distinguish the colour of the discharge, if there is a very very slight yellowish discharge immediately after haidh, will it be counted too as haidh?

2. If a woman is fasting and a short while before iftar she feels that she has got her haidh, however she only manages to go to he bathroom after making iftar, and she sees that it is haidh, will she have to make qadha of this fast?

Using hair dye for employment reasons

Q: Is hair or beard dyeing permissible only for job purposes which is advised by an employer? It is a customer service sales job. The employer advised me to colour my hair and beard black to show that I am younger because markets like young energetic people. It is a garments label industry. Here, colouring the hair or beard black (to show that I am young) will not cheat people. It is only to show that the company has appointed smart officials. There is no cheating in the product. Product quality will remain ok as per company policy. I need a ruling in this regard.