Girl marrying without the permission of her wali

Q: I got married 9 years ago, when I was baaligh. I did a court marriage to protect myself from sins, in Pakistan. During our nikaah we had 2 male witnesses, molvi judge and Surah Al Nisa was recited and dua was made and we both consented with heart.

As per constitution of Pakistan (Islamic country) nikah is valid. But there was no wali present or consented at the time of nikah. As I didn't inform anyone as I knew they will not agree. Neither I knew that a wali is mandatory at that time nor my husband knew, neither did the molvi who did the nikaah told that to us. He was also a nikah registrar.

Soon after my nikaah, within a month my family came to know about my nikaah. Initially there was hype then they agreed and my father sent me back to his house in multan. Then after some time my rukshati was also done with my elder sister (married to his elder brother).

I was an ignorant Muslim at thay time. Now since 1 year I have changed a lot and reverted to Allah and I fear Him for all my sins. I have around a 5 years old son too. Today I saw videos on YouTube telling me that "No nikaah is valid without a wali - and a woman that does her own nikaah is zaani". I see different sects groups and fatwas, some hanafi says nikaah is valid, some says wali is not required, while others say nikaah is not valid, without a wali.

Qadha salaah

Q:

1. What are the conditions of a baaligha? I started having vaginal discharge at the age of 8, but only began praying and fasting at the age of 11, which is when I first got my period. Must I make up 3 years of prayers and fasts? If I had masturbated before having my first period, and do not recall excreting discharge with any coloration, was I baligh?

2. Can I make up prayers with intention of "this prayer or that"? I have some fajr prayers to make up for (I have no idea how many as I used to sometimes pray them at the time when one should not to sajdah).

3. I also have to make up 2 rakat nafl and sunnat prayers that become wajib when one breaks them, which I did often. So, when I am let's say doing maghrib prayer, for the last 2 rakats, can I make the intention of "either maghrib nafl, fajr fardh, or any wajib"?

Reconciling after three talaaqs

Q: Five years ago, me and my husband were having problems in our marriage, so I asked for a third talaaq and he sent it to me via a text message. He said that he didn't do it from his heart. We are both still single and we haven't been married to anyone else, we both still love eachother. I want to know the ruling in this matter, what is the proceedure or was our divorce invalid?

When should one calculate zakaat?

Q: I sold my business including the stock before year and invested that money in another business right after selling. Do I have to calculate my zakat year since I have started my first business or from the date when I started my 2nd business? I am in doubt because money which I have invested is from my first business.

Telling one's wife "Get out of my life"

Q: Me and my wife have been married for two years now. We fight often because we both have anger issues but at the same time we love each other alot. One day, the fight was so extreme that my wife started screaming and she said "I need divorce". She was out of her mind. Now she says that she doesn't remember what happened to her and she swear to Allah that she never meant it. When she said it, I got angry. After a few minutes of talking, I also lost my temper and just angrily said, "Get out of my life" but I also swear to Allah that I never meant it. I was only saying this out of frustration but never ever meant it.

Is it talaaq-e-kinayaa because we both never meant what we said and we can put our hands on the Quran and say it. The next day I told her that I take all my words back, you are my wife and I love you. She did the same and then we hugged each other and had physical relation as well. 

Discharge after passing urine

Q: I suffer with bad thoughts that come into my mind during istinja. I always wipe and check to see if discharge came out and would see white discharge. It would worry me if mani came out and so I would check after passing urine and before cleaning. Sorry for this amount of detail. Because I used to feel discharge coming out I would check again and again.

1. Should I stop checking and always consider it to be mazi and not mani?

2. Also, in order for it to be mani, shouldn't the volume of the amount be a lot. I always feel it's a tiny bit. That's why I've taken it to be mazi as it's time consuming and bringing back waswas in to my life.