Incident of Nabi (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) and an old lady

Q: Is this story true....One day Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) was going somewhere at noon and it was too hot in the desert when He (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) saw an old woman carrying her luggage on her head. Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) helped her and took the luggage from the woman and carried it for her. Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam) asked the woman where she was going and why? She said that I am leaving this town as I have heard that a magician named Muhammad (nauzubillah)... etc...

1. Is it true because I have heard that it's not mentioned in authentic hadith? Also on youtube this story is a nasheed sung by someone...nasheeds name is likha ha ek zaifa thi...

2. Is listening to it permissible or am I sinning by listening to this?

Making the condition that one can break one's oath if one is unwell

Q: I made an oath to fast for a month but stipulated in the oath that if I felt unwell, I could break it. So, about a week in I had some discomfort in my chest, and felt that I should stop, so I did. (I did not break a fast). Does this mean there's no expiation? Because I gave myself some leeway in the oath I made.

Also, is it permitted to pay a charity to fulfill the kafaarat yameen on your behalf? If you make the expiation you are forgiven for breaking the oath by Allah azza wa jal?

Was it predestined for Aadam (alaihis salaam) to eat from the tree in Jannah?

Q: Someone I know asked me a question regarding Islam, and I didn't have a substantial answer to give due to lack of knowledge. And frankly, I myself am in a delimma regarding it.

In surah al Baqarah 2:30 Allah Ta'ala told the angels that He is going to create a new being who will act as his khalifa on earth. This was prior to creation of Adam (alaihis salaam). As I understand, Adam (alaihis salaam) was predestined to be sent to earth even before he was created. However after his creation, he had to eat from the tree to be expelled from earth.

From my feeble understanding, Adam (alaihis salaam) didn't have any choice because Allah Ta'ala created Adam (alaihis salaam) with the specific purpose of functioning as His khalifa on earth.

So was Allah Ta'ala going to send Adam (alaihis salaam) to the earth regardless of his disobedience? Doesn't this also mean that Adam (alaihis salaam) predestined to disobey Allah Ta'ala?

Hadith regarding the Khawaarij

Q: Can you please explain this hadith (2nd last hadith of Bukhari): Is this talking about Qaris from Egypt like Abdul Basit? What does this hadith mean?

Narrated Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri: The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "There will emerge from the East some people who will recite the Qur'an but it will not exceed their throats and who will go out of (renounce) the religion (Islam) as an arrow passes through the game, and they will never come back to it unless the arrow, comes back to the middle of the bow (by itself) (i.e., impossible). The people asked, "What will their signs be?" He said, "Their sign will be the habit of shaving (of their beards and their heads). (Fath-ul-Bari, Page 322, Vol. 17th)

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَهْدِيُّ بْنُ مَيْمُونٍ، سَمِعْتُ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ سِيرِينَ، يُحَدِّثُ عَنْ مَعْبَدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ، عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ ـ رضى الله عنه ـ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ ‏"‏ يَخْرُجُ نَاسٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَشْرِقِ وَيَقْرَءُونَ الْقُرْآنَ لاَ يُجَاوِزُ تَرَاقِيَهُمْ، يَمْرُقُونَ مِنَ الدِّينِ كَمَا يَمْرُقُ السَّهْمُ مِنَ الرَّمِيَّةِ، ثُمَّ لاَ يَعُودُونَ فِيهِ حَتَّى يَعُودَ السَّهْمُ إِلَى فُوقِهِ ‏"‏‏.‏ قِيلَ مَا سِيمَاهُمْ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ سِيمَاهُمُ التَّحْلِيقُ ‏"‏‏.‏ أَوْ قَالَ ‏"‏ التَّسْبِيدُ ‏"‏‏.‏

Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 7562 In-book reference : Book 97, Hadith 187 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 651 (deprecated numbering scheme)

Respectfully correcting one's elders

Q: What should a person do when they are unnecessarily scolded or taunted just because they speak the truth or cant stand injustice and those doing so are one's elders in authority? Should a person speak up when he finds some wrongdoing or be numb and don't react and be a hypocrite for the sake of survival in a negative environment which unfortunately has become common in our modern society. What does Islam say about it as there are many people who deal with difficult ones either for the sake of jobs or family peace and work.