Conditions for the validity of Salaah

Q: Is it permissible for women to read zuhr salaah on Friday before the khutbah since they are not reading jumuah?

Q: My question is regarding namaz. Can one offer namaz without something on his head? I mean topee, cap or hat etc? When we are late for namaz, we rush and join the jamaat ignoring the cap etc. Further, if we are offering namaz at home, can we perform namaz without a cap?

Q: What will be the time for Nafl prayer for our dead relatives?

Q: I have to travel from Dallas to Dubai, how do I calculate onboard prayer time? Flight is for 15 hours approximately.

Q: Is a ladies salaah valid if performed with her baby tied to her back, due to safety reasons when performing salah in a crowded place?

Q: What are the mustahab times for performing all five salaah?

Q: Can women offer salaah in kameez shalwar with hijab or is it mandatory to put on an abaya till the feet? When I say kameez shalwar, I mean the one which is loose and not body revealing.

Q: Can you change Zuhr time of a musjid on heritage day or any public holiday of the kuffaar?

Q: My wife is expecting and colostrum/milk began expelling. I would like to know the following rulings:

1. If the clothing becomes soiled with a few drops, can salaah be performed?

2. After birth, if the clothing becomes soiled with actual breastmilk, can salaah then be performed?

Q: What would be an approximate time that one has to read Asr Salaah from the time Asr sets in until the makrooh time.