Conditions for the validity of Salaah

Q: I have a habit of making intention for Salat-ut-Tawbah, Shukr, Haajat & Tahajjud in a single two rakaat nafl salaah. Is this permissible and will it be more effective to do them individually?

Q: I was the imam in a salaah while travelling, a few other travellers also stopped, joined us and we performed salaah.

We had departed after Fajr, and had decided we will stop for Zohr at this location. After stopping we had meals etc. made wudhu and went to perform salaah.

At the time of starting the 2 rakaat jamaat salaah, I don't remember having a definite intention of performing Zohr Salah itself, although it was for this very reason we stopped. After saying the takbir the thought came into my mind that what salah am I performing? Is it Asr? Then I immediately realised no its Zohr.

After salaah I mentioned this to an alim there who said its fine, since we stopped for that very reason so "ilm" was evident, and "amal" as well was evident. When these two are found then this is sufficient, its not necessary to make the specific intention before salah.

1. Is this correct? Is the salah valid?

2. If it is invalid, what should one do when the musallis behind one cannot be traced?

Q: When determining qiblah direction, would a Google earth search be considered a valid qiblah direction?

Q: A person entered the musjid while the congregational salaah had started and he had not performed Tahiyyatul Musjid. Can he join the congregational salaah and intend (i.e. if it was Maghrib time) that he is performing 3 rakaats of the fardh salaah of Maghrib and he is also performing Tahiyyatul Musjid?

Q: I normally refer to the sunrise timing from the salah timings in Dubai which I Google. However sometimes there are differences of sunrise timings when compared with calendars. Some say 6:19, some state 6:17, some say 6:15.

So if I finished my Fajr Salah at 6:17am, which exact time should I use. I get confused which table should I refer to.

Q: Is a woman allowed to perform salaah with her niqaab covering her face in the presence of non-mahram men?

Q:

1. I now wear 2 khimars, 2 shalwars, 1 half-sleeve T-shirt underneath two kurtas, and a pair of gloves (and I try my best to tuck in the sleeves of the 2 kurtas into them) until the wrists because my clothes are thin and quite see-through. After wearing these clothes, I feel comfortable, Alhamdulillah, that the satr is not going to be seen.

My question now is that if a woman goes into sajdah and if she is wearing a see-through kurta (and no other shirt) and even though her khimar (which reaches almost until her knee cap when she is standing) still covers her body during sajdah by draping around it but does not cover the kurta itself such that if someone (like an angel or a jinn) were to watch her from below the ground, they would see the kurta uncovered by the khimar but someone standing on the ground could not see anything underneath the khimar at all. Does this invalidate the prayer?

2. If two limbs are exposed during Salaah, each less than a quarter of its whole area, how can a woman know if it invalidated her prayer? What is the length she can measure to?

3. If a woman wears shalwar (which kind of shows her figure but is not figure-hugging like tights), then is her Namaz valid?

Q: Can you please explain in detail what the makrooh times are for salaah, sajdah tilawat, nafl salaah, qada salaah, and tahiyyatul wudhu? I read it in a book, and I’m confused. Like, for example, after asr Athan but BEFORE praying, you can do sajdah tilawat, and AFTER praying Asr but BEFORE Maghrb, you can pray qada salaah.

Q: Will a woman be allowed to wear a long dress or long skirt to read salaah?

Q: Can I pray in leggings if my top ends a few inches above my ankles?