Method of Salaah

Q: If I read maghrib, esha and fajr alone at home, do I have to read it loudly or its just preferable?

Q: Is it ok if I make English dua or Portuguese dua in sajdah in farz or nafl namaaz? One Aalim from Portugal said I can. After all, he is a learned Aalim, whats wrong if I follow him? All mazhabs are correct after all.

Q: In salaah do I have to recite bismillahirrahmanirraheem before surah fateha? Does this make for the 7 ayats mentioned in quran?

Q: If the toes slide slowly during sajdah (because of the khuffs) without it becoming seperated from the ground, is the sajdah and thus the salaah valid?

Q: Should a Hanafi Imam pause before going into ruku after his qiraat as the hadith mentions? If No, then what is the answer to the hadith?

Q: I want to ask whether I have understood a masalah correctly: In a book it was stated that according to some Hanafi ulama reading Fatiha in the 3th and 4th rakat is Sunnah, and according to some Hanafi ulama it is Wajib.

Then the book stated if Fatiha is read twice in the 3th and 4th rakat, there no sajdah sahw by ittifaaq.

Do I understand correctly that sajdah sahw is not due by ittifaaq because whether Fatiha is Sunnah or Wajib in the 3th and 4th rakat, it is not Wajib or Fard to go to ruku after recitation of Fatiha in the 3h and 4th rakat and it is permissible to read more, but since it is permissible and not Wajib or Fard, there is no delay for the ruku, hence by ittifaaq there is no sajdah sahw due if someone reads Fatiha twice in the 3rd and 4th rakaat, whether reading Fatiha in the 3th and 4th rakaat is Sunnah or Wajib.

But in the 1st and 2nd since it is Wajib to read a surah after Fatiha one would delay this Wajib if one was about to read Fatiha twice hence sajdah sahw is due because of delay. But if one reads in the 1st and 2nd rakat first Fatiha then a surah then Fatiha again then there is no sajdah sahw because going to the ruku after the surah is not Wajib or Fard and it is permissible to read another surah after surah. Hence no delay thus no sajdah sahw.

Did I understand this masalah correctly?

Q: Is it ok to read the same surah after fatiha in each rakat for example reading surah ikhlaas after fatiha in the 1st and 2nd rakat of any salah?

Q: Can you tell me all the fard and wajib arkaan of salaah?

Q: Recently at a Jumu’ah salaah, the Imaam read Surah 110 Al-Nasr in the first Rakaat and then Surah 109 Al-Kafirun in the second rakaat. We have always been taught to read in ascending order, i.e. 109, 110, 111, 112 etc. The Imaam was a guest Shafee Imaam in a largely Hanafee congregation.

• What is the position regarding the validity of that particular Salaah?
• What does one do if one is reading individually and makes the same mistake as above and realises it (a) whilst completing the Salaah, and (b) after Salaah is completed?

Q: What is the Hanafi proof for making the heels touch in sajda? Is this applicable to followers of other madhabs as well?