Difference between fatwa and taqwa

Q: What is the difference between fatwa and taqwa? I could not understand when a man told me this difference. I only know that if someone asks fatwa, it is just because of taqwa. So I could not understand the difference, I was told about. He gave an example:- It is fatwa to lengthen the beard one fist and lengthening the beard 2 inches more than one fist is taqwa. But I know that if I lengthen my beard up to one fist, it is because of Taqwa, otherwise I would have trimmed it. Please clarify if there is exactly any differnce as I am told about? Also explain the given example on beard to be correct or not. Jazakallah.

Wife claiming that her first husband did not divorce her

Q: After married to a second husband for 20 years, the wife declares that she is no longer married to the 2nd husband because she was never divorced from the first. The 1st husband reclaims his wife. In the 1st marriage, no talaq was mentioned. The husband just stayed away from the husband. Is this allow in sharia and was the second marriage valid. What's the ruling on this?

Masturbation

Q: I am 21year old female. Please tell me if doing self pleasure is haraam in islam? If so then what are the physical effects of this habit? How can a female leave this habit?