Factors that break and don't break the fast

Q: If you get your period (haidh) during the latter part of the day (e.g. an hour before maghrib), does your fast break and is qadha necessary or is the fast accepted?

Q:

1. Does a pap smear break the fast?

2. Does an internal break the fast?

Q: I have an asthma problem, due to which I am unable to hold my breath as long as a normal person does. Due to this, my main concern is with regards to gargling and rinsing of the nostrils in ghusul and wudhu. What should I do when I am fasting? Because, at times, when I gargle, I feel the water going down my throat (because of the shortness of my breath), despite me trying to keep the water at the front of my mouth.

Q: Does incense burning (bukhoor) and inhaling the scent break fast?

Q: If one swallowed phlegm or saliva (without the intention of quenching one's thirst), will the fast be nullified?

Q: A small amount of water (approximately 2-3 drops) remains in my mouth after I gargle. If I swallow this water mistakenly during fasting, will my fast break? Will it break my fast if I swallow it knowingly?

Q:

1. Does the fast break if a person does a saline nasal rinse/nasal irrigation whilst fasting. The salt solution goes up one nostril and out the other. Sometimes the solution comes out the mouth as well.

2. If a person didn't know the masalah and did it whilst fasting, will their fast break?

Q: Will my fast during Ramadhaan break if water enters the anus while cleaning after defecating and sometime even reaching the stomach via the anus? Do I have to fast again or not?

Q: During fasting, I got a severe headache (while traveling) and vomited 3 hours before iftar. I tried to take some pills but didn’t take anything and went to sleep. I woke up about 15 mins after the Maghrib Adhan and did iftar. Is my fast is valid?

Q: Does an inhaler used for asthma break your fast?