Factors that break and don't break the fast

Q: If the lady has periods during fast, what should she do?

Q: What is the condition of my fast if I masturbate without knowing that it is haram? This happened when I was 12 years old?

Q: I have two questions:

1. During Ramadaan, while fasting I had a terrible migraine. I applied Makkah oil (green box medicine) on my forehead. Would the smell break my fast?

2. In Ramadhaan, while fasting I was in Australia. I had a running nose and used something like a Vicks scented tissue. I didn't know it was scented. Then I was confused where the smell came from so I blew my nose again. Only then I realized it was from the tissue. I think I could feel the smell going down in my nose. Is my roza accepted or must I make qadha?

Q: As I have vaginal discharge all the time, when I shower I insert my finger right inside the vagina to clean the excess discharge. Does this break my fast?

Q: I would like to know can a woman fast during Ramadan if she is undergoing radiation for breast cancer?

Q:

1. I have read that one can only miss his fast if one is a traveller at sehri time. What will be the ruling of an individual who is travelling abroad but his  light is at afternoon time (meaning he is still at home at sehri time)?

2. If that person needs to fast, how will he do Iftar because different countries have different iftar times.

3. Also, will putting Vicks under the nose and sniffing it throurg out the day break one's fast? I have read that it doesn't because it does not have a body. Will that have the same ruling if one was to sniff Vicks from a tissue (i.e. putting some vicks on a tissue and then inhaling the subtance form the tissue?

Q:

1) If a person intentionally keeps masturbating and ejaculating during whole ramazan since he fasted 1st roza of his life so will masturbating and ejaculating broke his roza?

2) If rozas have broken due to masturbating will he have to done qaza for each roza or he will have to pay kaffara for each roza?

3) What is the qaza and kaffara of one broken roza intentionally?

Q: I'm curious that every time I make wudhu during fasting; water is held in my mouth and even after spitting it out twice or thrice I still swallow water mixed with saliva, what is the ruling? Is my fast invalid?

Q: A person while fasting in Ramadhaan masturbates by rubbing himself on the bed. What is the status of the roza? Is he supposed to do qaza or kaffara?

Q: If one is making a fardh ghusl whilst in the state of fasting, does one have to wash the nose upto the soft bone?