Times of Salaah

Zawaal time

Q: I reside in an area and noticed that both mussallees and trustees of the local masjid are unmindful of zawaal, this is mainly on a Juma as we come early for jumah.

I find that people are performing nafl salaah during this time including the trustees and Ulema. The other masjids that I attend during this time either put on a light or a sign that say zawal.

I would like to know the following:

Firstly when is zawaal and how long does it last for? Example the times I see on the calendar for today as well as salaah times from crescent mobile says zawal 11:59am.

Does this mean zawal sets in at this time or ends at this time?

During this time of zawal what should be done and what should not be done?

Should I bring this to the attention of the trustees and will I be accountable For this if I don't?

This has been going on for the past 3 years or so. I dont want people to be offended and neither do I want to commit any wrong actions, thus when attending this masjid I look at zawal time on my phone and as a precaution I commence my nafl salaah 10 mins after the stipulated zawal time.

Performing salaah on a bus

Q: I am an employee in india. The maghrib time in summer (which is the season right now) starts at/after the time when my office bus starts (6:30pm) to drop the employees. Since I take the office bus and my home is approximately 2hrs, my maghrib takes place in the bus whilst being seated. There is very little khushoo with everyone staring at me and it is troubling me a lot. Is it valid for me to join my maghrib prayer with asr so that I can pray it peacefully in office before starting? If valid, can I join asr and maghrib until the sunset time changes to before 6:30pm which might take 4-5 months?