Loans & Debts

Is maintaining a friendship after taking a loan interest?

Q: A person agreed with another person to lend some money and in exchange they will continue their friendship relationship. They have been friends for a year now and in order to continue the other person has agreed to lend money. Assuming if the borrower of the loan is willing to continue the relationship in exchange of a loan. Then friendship or continuation of relationship considered to be a benefit/interest in this scenario?

Paying back a loan in a different currency

Q: I gave a loan of 200 dollars to my friend a few years ago. I had these dollars from my aunt who gave them to me to deposit in my bank account. Now my friend is returning the amount to me but there is an issue, at that time it was equal to 105 Pakistani rupees per dollar... now it is 141 Pakistani rupees per dollar. 

At what rate should he return this amount to me? If I take it at 141 rupees, he will have to pay extra (from 105/$ to 141/$) to make it equal to 200 dollars and if I take money it at the rate of 105 per dollar I will get a lesser amount. Kindly guide me what to do.

Receiving a gift when being paid back a loan

Q: I loaned a certain person an amount of R10 000 to be repaid after one year. When one year elapsed, the person repaid my loan and also presented a small gift to me (a box of chocolates) as a token of appreciation. I was neither expecting this gift, nor was it stipulated, at the time of the loan, that he would give me this gift. Is it permissible for me to accept it, or will it be regarded as interest?

Indexation

Q: Is indexation considered as riba? There are 2 methods to go to university

1. Paying upfront

2. Student loan (i know this is haram already but i just want to know about the 1st option whether it is actually halal because only a minority of Islamic scholars talk about this issue of inflation causing the prices to rise).

Taking a loan from a bank and getting an employee to write off the loan

Q: I know someone working at the Federal Bank. He says that he can help open my doors with a higher loan amount. Once he gives me the loan amount, the money can be paid by the insurance of the bank and I don't have to pay anything towards the loan. He is basically squashing my money so the insurance can pay the bank back. If this was the case, I could open up plenty musjids and pay for the poor with loan amounts from the bank and the insurance of the bank will just pay the banks back. There is a saying that  money is the root to all evil and alot of people are doing this. It sounds corrupt but I require a Mufti's advice.

Using violence to retrieve money from a debtor

Q: To what extent can a person go, in shariat, when it comes to a person getting his money out of a debtor.

1. Can he resort to violence by sending someone behind the debtor to give him a good thrashing?

2. If a person hired a debt collector, can he impose the fees on the debtor as he was the cause of these undue expenses?

3. If not, will the masalah change if the debtor had signed before taking goods on account, that in the event of default in payment, all expenses incurred to retrieve the debt will be borne by the debtor?

4. Can one send someone to forcefully take the debtors car away and sell it to retrieve his money?

5. If one comes to know that someone else is owing the debtor some money, can one take that money straight from that person without the debtor's qabdah or allowance? Will this be permissible for the person owing the debtor the money, i.e. will his debt be discharged?