Trading in different currencies

Q: Zaid sent a parcel of GBP in cash to Bakr, with the intention of selling it to him for ZAR. Bakr inspected the notes, because some of them were old, and they both agreed on an exchange rate.

After a few days, Zaid subsequently sent his agent to collect ZAR notes from Bakr. Bakr did not give the entire amount. After a week, Bakr made an EFT of the remaining amount in ZAR.

(1) What is the status of the ZAR notes received from Bakr? If the money is haraam, what should be done with the money?

(2) What is the status of the money received via EFT from Bakr? If the money is haraam, what should be done with the money?

Loaning someone money and asking for a profit in return

Q: Is it permissible for me to lend someone money as a personal and ask for a profit in return. (The money will be used for business - I am not asking for a profit from the business).

The profit on the loan is fixed at 10% per annum. Then another 10% is added to the outstanding balance at the end of each year until fully paid. The term is fixed for 6 months to repay the loan.

Making a bequest for an heir

Q: Marhooma passed away at that time she had 5 sons and 7 daughters when she passed away. Part of what she left was jewellery… In her lifetime she used to say the jewellery is for her daughters/or my wassiyat is this jewellery must be given to my daughters, but she never give it to them while she was alive and passed away.

Will the jewellery be given to the daughters only or will the sons inherit as well? In both scenarios keep in mind wassiyat and hiba.

Also after marhooma passed away, will anyone be liable to pay zakaat on the jewellery if it wasn't distributed for years? 

Repaying a loan in a foreign currency

Q: My brother is living in Saudi Arabia and I want to purchase a house in Pakistan. For that I need a loan from my brother of 75000 PKR per month from 2015 to 2018. The total amount he paid to me in this period is 2,400,000 PKR. Now in July 2023, he sent me the loan details which is extactly what I took from him but in addition that he wants all his money in Saudi Riyals as he sent this money from Saudi Arabia. Please guide me on this.

Bribery in business

Q: My brother has a crush plant business in Liberia (West Africa). The country is corrupt to the core and there are multinational companies there working in the construction sector. They need crush material but the fact is that management in these companies is of local population and mostly corrupt. They say if you want us to buy crush from you then you have to decrease the rate per load and then adjust this as a personal commision to us.

Lets say if 1 load is of 600, they say we'll buy it from you for 550 but in documents i.e, qoutations to company you'll write the rate as 600. So the company gets 1 load of 600 and my brother gets 600, from which he has to give 50 per load to management unofficialy as a commission.

Is it permitted as it is nearly impossible to get any contract with out this. The company gets no loss or money damage from this nor any other individual except my brother himself. He has to sell the item of 600 to 550 and give extra 50 to management to pursue the contract.