Can the Imaam al-Muslimeen compel someone to discharge his zakaat

Q: I would like to inquire: if an individual deliberately refuses to pay Zakaat, does the Imaam al-Muslimeen have the authority to compel him to discharge this obligatory duty? 

I have read that the Fuqaha make a distinction between amwaal-e-zahirah and amwaal-e-batinah. Could you kindly explain this further and provide references from the books of Fiqh?

Carmine

Q: I’d like to enquire about the permissibility of the consumption of carmine. I have tried to research this matter on the muftionline site but mainly see the answer to avoid it. I’d like clarification on it being a halaal/haraam item thus its permissibility. 

I personally don’t consume it, yet a lot of products contain carmine & sometimes those from Arab countries that bear halaal logos, not finding a direct answer about its permissibility makes it a bit more difficult to warn family members from it’s consumption.

Asking an upright Muslim if his meat is halaal

Q: Is a person required to ask whether tasmiya was said over a particular meat when it was slaughtered if they are told it is halal hand slaughtered, due to the shafii's opinion that tasmiya is only sunnah? 

Also, if someone makes me something and I'm sure they don't change the way they make it to something haram, do I have to confirm every time I eat this particular food?

Woman with extremely short hair cutting her hair to come out of ihraam

Q: A woman who has extremely short, curly hair (like is commonly found among the local communities in South Africa) goes to perform umrah. 

How does such a woman remove her hair to come out of ihraam, as she will not be able to gather her hair around a fingertip and cut a little more - her hair is too short for that. What does she do? Please advise.