Factors that break and don't break the fast

Q: Can someone put mehndi or hair color while she is fasting?

Q: 

1. Does masturbation nullify the fast?

2. If it does nullify the fast, does this person have to stay without eating and drinking for the rest of the day?

3. When he takes ghusl, will he just rinse his mouth and nose or will he gargle his mouth properly and put water properly in his nose?

Q: Is it permissible to use Flavoured Lip Ice whilst fasting?

Q: When inserting eye drops into the eye, the fluid in the eye drains in the sinus passages (the nose and throat). Does this still validate the fast?

Q: What is the ruling about trimming ones hair and moustache and clipping of one’s nails whilst fasting? Is it permissible?

Q: Will the fast break if water enters the anal passage while fasting? How then should a person make istinja whilst fasting?

Q: Is it permitted to apply Vicks on the nose whilst fasting or to inhale Vicks/sniff a nasal inhaler such as fixit or inhale the spray of an air freshener whilst fasting?

Q: 1) When one is fasting, is one allowed to use: a) deodorant and perfumes containing alcohol denat; b) lip-care; c) and body lotion?

2) If a woman's period appears during her fast, does she have to break it or to go on fasting until iftaar time?

Q: I had a period of 7 days. I was bleeding on my 7th day but bleeding stopped by sehri of the 8th day. I took ghusal and started fasting but during the day, I bled little bit. I performed wudhu, cleaned my private place, kept roza, and read namaaz. Please explain to me if my roza broke or not? Do I have to take a shower again?

Q: I have a disease of bleeding gums and there will be little blood in my mouth. I can’t keep on spitting whilst I am in the office and after I get up from sleep. When I spit there will be some blood on it, so I don’t know whether I had swallowed it or not. If it is swallowed while sleeping, will my fast be invalid? Are there any excuses?