Masbooq and Laahiq

Q: Please advise on the following:

A) When making Salaah and if coming up from ruku, where one is supposed to have said,  SamiAllahu Liman Hamida, one said Allahu Akbar,  is the Salaah valid?

B) When the Imaam is in Ruku,  and the person joins the Salaah by making Takbeer Tahreemah,  folds his hand and thereafter recites Allahu Akbar again
and goes into ruku to join the Salaah behind the Imaam and make it for the Rakaat, Is the Salaah valid?

C) If one joins the Jamaat of Salaah when the Imaam is in Qadah, and one reads Takbeer Tahreemah,fold one's hands thereafter reads Allahu Akbar again,
and goes into Qadah to join Salaah, Is the Salaah valid?

D) What would be the best and most correct option of joining Salaah at the times mentioned in B and C above?

E) What is the status of reciting after the Imaam during Salaah when the Imaam goes into ruku, comes up from ruku, goes into Sajdah,  comes up from
Sajdah, basically after all the Takbeers and going into the next posture.

F) If after the Imaam comes up from ruku, saying Samiallahu Liman Hamida, What does the Muqtadee do? Does he also says Samiallahu Liman Hamida in
keeping with the above ( question E)

G) In also keeping with the above in question E,  if one recites Allahu Akbar instead of Samiallahu Liman Hamida, Is the Salaah valid?

H) In Qadah Ulaa or Qadah Akheera,  whilst reading Tashahud,  if one gets confused or makes a mistake after Saying  Ash Hadu Allah Illaha IllahAh, where one is supposed to raise one's index finger,  and where one already raised one finger,  but happen to go back to correct the mistake and start from the beginning again if one was confused, Should the index finger be raised again ( for the second time in correcting the mistake)?

I) What is the status of the raising of the index finger whilst in Tashahud?

J) If one joins Salaah behind the Imaam whilst the Imaam

J1) is in Qiraat (Busy reciting Surah Fatiha or  a Surah) of first Rakaat
J2) Ruku of the first Rakaat

When would be the correct time to read Thana?

K) If one misses one or two Rakaats of Salaah behind the Imaam,  when should one read Thana?  When joining the Salaah or when standing up to complete the
missed rakaats after the Imaam finished Salaah?

L) What is the correct procedure of completing Salaah if one missed 3 Rakaats of a 4 Rakaat Salaah?

M) What is the correct procedure of completing Salaah if one missed 2 Rakaats of 3 rakaat Salaah?

N) In Wudhu, what should one put water into the nostrils amd when should Khilaal of the beard, fingers and toes be made.( If the full and correct procedure of Wudhu with full Sunan be given it would be appreciated)

Q: When joining salaah late after takbeer, after I have put my hand on my belly, how should I recite thanaa?

Q: I want to know what should be done if you miss 1, 2 or 3 rakaats of a fardh Salaah?

Q:

1. When joining Salaah behind an Imaam in the first rakaat before ruku, does one have to recite Thanaa?

2. If no, and if one recited it, is the Salaah valid?

3. If one happens to recite the first Takbeer (Takbeer Tahreemah) and thereafter recite Takbeer again and go into ruku whilst the Imaam is already into ruku, is the Salaah valid?

Q: Whilst performing Salaah with Jamaat behind an Imaam, if a Masbooq (latecomer) joins the Salaah after the Imaam has completed four rakaats and joins just before the Salaam.

1. Is it necessary for him to recite the tashahhud with the Imaam for his Salaah to be valid or is it sufficient for his Salaah to be valid that he joins in the Salaah before the Imaam makes salaam?

2. Should the Masbooq recite only Tashahud in the Qa'dah or also Durood Ibraaheem and Duaa after Durood.

Q:

1. Please provide the correct procedure to be followed when missing one rakaat in a four rakaat Salaah behind the Imaam.

2. If a person misses one rakaat with Jamaat,  when starting in the second rakaat does one start with Thanaa as well as reading Thanaa when one stands
up to complete the missed rakaats?

Q: When I am late for a fardh for example salatul dhuhr, I am late of two rakaats and I joined them and I am performing the 3rd rakaat and then after salaam you will stand again to finish the two rakaats. Here's my question, on the first rakaat should I perform attahiyat and point a finger or you will only point a finger on the second rakaat? And then after that will be salaam?

Q: A person I know came with me to the Friday prayers. He is not very knowledgeable in Fiqh like myself and we are both non-Aalims. I got out and my companion went to park, but time was running short already, so I managed to find a space, but wasn't sure whether my companion got there on-time. Anyway, I prayed and finished the namaaz. When I got towards the back row I noticed my companion, he pulled me to the side and he was concerned if his prayer was valid, he explained to me the following situation: He came and the Jamaat rose for the 2nd rak'ah, he joined them in the 2nd rak'ah. So when they went into Tashahhud and my companion got up before the Imaam made tasleem, either out of forgetfulness or ignorance, and he quickly managed to finish his final rak'ah and apparently still managed to say the tasleem with the Imaam. He didn't do two prostrations of forgetfulness either. If he neglected to say the Tashahhud out of ignorance as well, would that affect the verdict? What is the verdict anyway?

Q: If you join the jamaat in the last rakaat while the imaam is in tashahud, is your salaat valid or is it preferable to read alone?

Q: If I join Zuhr Salaah behind the Imaam after 3 rakaats, what is the correct procedure to join and complete the Salaah? What should I recite after standing up after the Imaam has made salaam? Surah Fatiha only ? Surah Fatiha and a Surah?