Masbooq and Laahiq

Q: If I join Zuhr Salaah behind the Imaam after 3 rakaats, what is the correct procedure to join and complete the Salaah? What should I recite after standing up after the Imaam has made salaam? Surah Fatiha only ? Surah Fatiha and a Surah?

Q:

1. If I miss the first rakaat of jammat after the Imam makes salaam, when I stand to complete the salaah do I read Surah Fatiha or first the thanaa then Surah Fatiha?

2. If I join the Imaam few minutes after he says takbeer, do I still read my thanaa or just lift my hands an keep quite?

Q: A person arrives late to the masjid and misses a number of rakats with the imam. When the imam says salam, he thus has a number of extra rakaat to make up. But he doesn't remember how many. In order to find out, may he pray slowly and see how many extra rakaats the people around him do, since they joined the prayer at the same time as him?

Q: If a person misses the first two rakaats of faradh namaaz, the Imam Saheb will recite only Surah Faatiha in the last two Rakats (which the person has attended), should he (the person) recite only Surah Fatihah in his last two rakaats?

Q: In maghrib I missed 2 rakaats and joined the 3rd rakat, how should I complete the two rakaats?

Q:

1. If the Imaam is in ruku, does one have to first tie the hands and stand in order to get the rakaat, or does going directly into ruku after takbeer suffice?
2. If one makes takbeer and while going into the sitting posture the imaam makes one salaam, can one still join the salaah?
3. If one has to complete missed rakaats in jamaat: In the final sitting, does one read attahiyat, durood as well as the dua, or just stop after reciting the shahadah?

Q: If the Imaam makes sajdah sahw, what should a latecomer do if he sees the Imaam making taslim but then does sajdah sahw? Should he also make salaam and sajdah sahw, or should make sajdah sahw without Salaam?

Q: When should the masbooq (latecomer) stand up to complete his missed rakaats? Should he stand up after the Imaam has made one salaam or should he wait until the Imaam has completed both salaams?

Q: If I enter the musjid and join the salaah while the Imam is in ruku, then after saying the takbeer, should I go straight into ruku or should I first recite the sana? If I should not recite the sana before going into ruku, then when should I recite it?

Q: I joined salaah jamaat at 5:17. Jamaat starts 5:15 at the end I didnt know much rakaats I read but because I joined at that time I regarded it as 4 rakaats. Is salaah valid?