Zakaat

Q: Is zakaat discharged if money is given to a charitable organization to build a borehole or water well?

Q:

1. Is it permissible to throw +/- 10 tons of wheat and rice in the middle of the sea from a boat as food for sea creatures, even though we know that a vast majority of humans are hungry. What does Islām say?

2. I heared a Hadith saying that a person has to fulfill the needs of other persons,

My question is that, how to avoid and discourage people from asking or does one have to fulfill their requirements?

Q: If I gave zakaat out of $1000, and when I will reach $1000 again, will I have to pay zakaat again

Q: If a person pays his zakaat in advance, eg 50 000. Then on the day zakaat was due he realises the amount was only 10 000 due. Can he count this 40 000 extra he gave towards the next year's zakaat?

Q: Mufti saab, a brother who owns a grocery store is asking that he gives his zakaat every year on the 15th of Ramadan. Now after calculating for example his zakaat comes up to R10000. Is it okay if he gives it before the 15th of Ramadan or does he have to give it on that day specifically?

Q: Kindly explain the difference between “debts owed to a person and monies loaned to people”.

As I understand, zakaat on the loan will be paid by the one who has given the loan and not by the one who receives the loan. 

Q:

1. Suppose if I have 75 grams gold, 750 grams silver and some cash in hand and bank. Do I have to calculate separate zakaat of all items or calculate total zakaat.

2. If I have 85 grams gold it is zakaatable. But I have only 75 grams is this gold exempted from zakaat?

Q: Can zakaat be given to riot victims?

Q: I had taken out a life insurance policy with a dread disease cover many years ago. (I call that my pre-hidayat days). I have now been paid out part of the money for a dread disease, which is part of the life cover. Can I calculate all the premiums I paid over the years and take the money out of the payout as halaal money for myself? Can I use the balance of the payout for Income Tax payment. I would then cancel the policy. 

Also, what are the zakaat implications regarding this money if it is halaal. Do I need to calculate zakaat from the time I started paying the premiums or not?

Q: I have 2 investments and want clarity on my responsibility when it comes to zakaat.

1. I have purchased shares in company x for long term investment (probably 5 to 15 years). Do I pay zakaat on the quarterly/yearly dividends received or do I pay zakaat on the full value of the share?

2. I am investing in a retirement annuity, which is now only accessible upon my retirement. Do I pay zakaat yearly on the amount that is in my retirement account or would I only pay zakaat when the investment matures (when I retire)?