Upbringing and Tarbiyah

Q: How can we inculcate Islamic values in our child (as a teacher or mother) and how do we preserve it in them? 

Q:

My first question is: In Islam, when does a child have the right to go outside and maybe socialise or even go to the mosque and come back by themselves. Say a general ruling for maybe a boy who is 13-14 years old.

My second question is: Up to what extent is an older sibling allowed to punish a younger sibling i.e. corporal punishment or verbal? 

My third question is: If your parents say something like "I don't care about what sunnah or fatwah says, it's about what I say! It's about me!" how do you respond in a respectful way.

Q: I want to do our istikhara for moving from UK to Pakistan for 4 years time for my kid's good education. Kindly advise me on that please.

Q: I would like to know if black bangles are allowed for babies for protection or is it more a Hindu custom. The little knowledge I have it's not part of our Sunnah.

Q: Please can you enlighten me if there is any significance in tying black beads around newborn babies hands to ward off nazar and the evil eye? If there isn't any significance then is there any action from the hadith that we can adopt to protect the child from evil eye and sihr?

Q: I would like to know what is the Islamic ruling of elder members in the family going against a parents rules for her child, out in the open as well as behind the parents back?

Q: Is it permissible for babies to play with toys that have bells?

Q: I would like to know if a boy doesn't get baaligh before the age of 15. Will he be baaligh from the age of 14 years and 6 months?

Q: Is it allowed in Islam for a one year old baby girl to do dress modelling?

Q: Why do babies smile when there are asleep. Please let me know?