Haiz, Istihaazah & Nifaas

Spotting in the haidh period

Q: My haiz cycle is normally 9-10 days. However my last haiz cycle before Ramadhaan was 7 days complete. During Ramadhaan my haiz stopped on the 8th day and after ghusl I continued my salaah. Then it started again after 3/4 salaah times. This continued till the 10th day. Always there will be hours of no haiz. I kept making ghusl as I did not wish to make my salaah qaza. On the morning of the 10th day I again made ghusl as I was clean the whole night. However 2 hours later I saw a small blood dot (smaller than a mustard seed). Honestly I was tired at this point and ignored it. The rest of the day was clear and the 240 hours complete. Now thinking back I am not sure I made the right decision to ignore it. Was I wrong? What do I do? And what of my salaah and fasts. 

Seeing brown discharge after the days of haidh

Q: My last haiz (or what I considered my haiz) was June 28 - July 4 and remained a brown colour throughout. It looked like discharge and for 1 or 2 days had red streaks of blood. Then it continued as brown discharge/ blood , im not sure. Today (July 15) I have got the same brown discharge / blood. But I have not had a 15 day gap of purity so I have continued to pray as I think I have istihaza.

1. Am I right in thinking I should be praying now?

2. Should I have prayed during the first time I experienced the brown discharge / blood

3. I have read online that there must be a 15 day or 10 day gap of purity - I would like to know where the evidence for this is.

4. I also heard the ruling for istihazah is to clean with instinja, I do this but still blood remains, so I pray anyways. Is my prayer valid or must I repeat them once I am pure? 

Woman bleeding more than ten days

Q: I am very confused as to when I should be praying again after menses. My bleeding goes beyond 10 days every month. It doesn't stop. I sometimes see yellow discharge. I see only little traces of blood and not a proper flow. I also sometimes see water looking liquid which I am unsure to whether it is discharge or sweat or water. do I follow the rules of ishtihada and start praying after 10 days or do I resume prayer earlier? If I made a mistake and was unsure about when I should start praying, do I need to make the prayers up? 

Calculating haiz when in istihaazah

Q: In the case of istihaaza, if my period starts at around 4:00-5:00, then after my haiz days I then count 15 days as clean, now I am still having discharge like 2 times a day. So if I see any discharge at approx 4:40,will my haiz start? This is because I dont know the exact time my haiz had started last time, it was around 4 to 5 o clock... So it could be after 4:40 also.

Is it important that my counting should go in exact hours and minutes or can there be a difference of half an hour or so? I have counted the above scenario as my period. Is it okay?