Passing the meeqaat with the intention of performing umrah without tying ihraam

Q: 3 weeks ago I came from Pakistan to Riyadh. Now I went from Riyadh to Jeddah to my brothers house but I didn't wear ihram and I didn't take any niyyat for Umrah. I was thinking that I will go for Umrah after 3-4 days. But now my father says that I have to give damm (penalty) because I supposed to go for Umrah first. I am in confusion about this issue.

Studying iridology

Q: I would like to enquire if it is permissible to study a diploma in Iridology. It's got to do with diagnosing conditions by looking into a persons eye to detect nutrional deficiencies and conditions etc. Please advise if Iridology is permisible within shariah especially when it comes to our Aqaaid.

Assuming the worst in any situation

Q: Recently, I realised that I think catastrophically. I always assume the worst and anticipate the worst situations which never occur.

I know this bad habit did not appear suddenly, but I had some really bad experiences that came out of the blue which caught me offguard. Now, this habit in the way I think is affecting my life.

I am only 19 and I feel this habit is creating destruction within my home and I fear that it will affect my future even more.

How can I remove this negative way of thinking?