Sunnah & Nafl Fasts

Q: A brother ate past Fajr starting time for his nafl fast and so his fast is broken, and he will need to do qadha. However will he also need to practice imsaak throughout the day?

Q: If I make intention to do qadha fast for the 6 days of Shawwaal after Ramadhan, will I also get the reward for fasting the entire year. Will the same apply if I fast the 9 to 10 days just before eidh ul adha?

Q: In South Africa, do we fast on the actual day of Arafah, in Makkah, or on the next day 9th of Dhul Hijjah?

Q: Is it permissible to keep the 6 fasts of Shawwal before ones qadha is completed?

Q: One makes an intention to keep a nafil fast. However, one fails to get up for sehri and decides not to keep the nafil fast. In this situation, is it then mandatory to make qazaa of the nafil fast that was not kept?

Q: I fasted today (Friday) but later I saw a few hadeeth on not fasting on a Friday, so do I still have to keep it or... (I made niyyah only for today).

Q: Does permission need to be sought from one's parents in order to fast a sunnat/nafl/qadha fast? If the parent tells the child (baaligh) not to observe a sunnat/nafl fast due to the parents feeling the child will not manage, should the child listen to the parents or continue with the fast?

Q: Is it permissible to make a non baaligh child fast nafl fasts?

Q: Which three days should one fast in Shaban, the 13, 14 and 15 Shaban or 14, 15 and 16 Shaban?

Q: Is it permissible to keep fast on the 3 days of Aashura (8th/9th/10th of Muharam)?